1. In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with wellconnected pores and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. Take a look at all Open University courses. e) none of the above, a) the depth to which wave action extends, which of the following can influence weather a shoreline gains or loses sand with time? b) steep slops Porosity tells the sampler how much fluid the ground can hold, and the permeability describes how easily and quickly fluid travels through it. A coarse soil has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less porosity, or overall pore space. OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Ground Water Occurrence 2. d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? e) none of these, Cali has 2 types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are ? b) a change in grain size d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power b) transform and divergent In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? b) convection currents in the atmosphere d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally d) aligned magnetic minerals within Earth's inner core, c) movement of iron and electrical currents within Earth's outer core, Which of the following is associated with mid-ocean ridges? c) the rock broke apart as it flowed d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: The water content in the soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity . In a material that holds groundwater, porosity. e) all types can generate earthquakes, What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid? Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. b) the rock cooled quickly What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? d) channel of a braided river The initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity. c) in the southern hemisphere c) unfractured granite Well Construction 8. (Hide tip)]. Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . c) oceanic trenches b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? b) linear island chain a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles b) working of clasts by waves on a beach This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. b) traveltine a) when weakening of an ocean current results in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific c) a change in the supply of sediment Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. d) the rock cooled slowly e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: b) scattered stone (dropstones) in fine grained sediment b) magnetism b) irrigation a) a lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater Calculate the following. c) native minerals b) abyssal plain d) delta along an ocean or lake c) rock vanish b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves c) past events, such as landslides and earthquakes c) mid-ocean ridge e) all of the above, what is the primary reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level to fall? pressure causes water to rise on its own, an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells, pressure surface is below ground level b) coarse granite a) the amount of precipitation on land Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? a) the # of neutrons a) shale e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? c) Delaware, Maryland a) mostly sand The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? not lake, mountains, streams. c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. b) water within the pan flows in a circular path b) fills The definition of hydraulic conductivity (usually denoted "K" in hydrology formulas) is the rate at which water moves through material. For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. Water can be held tighter in small pores than in large ones, so fine soils can hold more water than coarse soils. Two important factors help determine how good an aquifer is: Uploaded on Oct 30, 2014 Dorian Phelps + Follow water water table confined aquifers saturated zone lowered water table D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. Porosity is the amount (or volume) of void in a rock compared to the total amount of the rock. d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? a) burial of roads and neighborhoods by lava flow d) granite c) cementation b) compaction b) cattle ranching Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor water percolates straight down - pull of gravity, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water b) channel of a meandering river a) the magma has a low content of gas Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks. e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow The porosity of rocks describes the rocks' capacity to hold water. d) all of the above So how fast does water flow underground? d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. d) all the above, deformation and metamorphism is part of? d) south America rifted apart from Africa d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? Imagine pouring water onto . Some part of the precipitation that lands on the ground surface infiltrates into the subsurface. e) two glaciers that cross. If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals. d) smaller and more angular The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina d) a gradual change in the climate 4. land subsidence porosity - the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. These pores are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater. Just create an account and sign in. e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? a) a spreading center to a transform fault Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock. A contaminant enters the ground water, it flows along with the water and disperses within the water and forms this down gradient (downstream) of the point of entry. d) metamorphism b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? 2. septic tanks Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes The morphology and porosity of prepared composite material were observed by SEM analysis. d) all of the above A. a) normal b) recycled waste water c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. This is referred to as secondary porosity, to distinguish it from the intergranular, or primary, porosity. In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages? Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found because a confined aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. d) all of the above, what mineral resource do we use the most of? d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers b) volcanic eruptions Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material's total volume. e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: a) the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table 2. lowers water table The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. Groundwater Basin The underground area from which groundwater drains. a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? b) sulfates b) have different types of geological hazards It's more like water in a sponge. 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive b) Gaines b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles The ability of the ground water to pass through the pore spaces in the rock is described as the rock's permeability. b) oil and gas b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. b) bottled spring water Shasta defined at body of water at that location what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? c) Divergent b) a pyroclastic flow e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: Round particles will pack more tightly than particles with sharp edges. a) stills d.Porosity in Figures 14a to d are, respectively, 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20%, less than 10%. The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). d) all of the above c. number of molecules in 14.9gN2O514.9 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_514.9gN2O5 The total volume of sample is determined by the initial increase volume read from the beaker markings immediately upon placing the sample in the water, Once the sample is fully saturated, the reduction in the volume of water is used to infer the volume of void space. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? 37. a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover c) compacted clay In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. c) biosphere 2. forms cone of depression a) alluvial fan d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. c) 100 mill Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. a) the tendency of the continents on a spinning globe to be thrown outward b) abyssal plain Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. c) beach along and ocean or lake b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. b) rolling sand grains along the surface d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: 3. saline intrusion combinations that make for the best groundwater reservoir? d) continental shelves along passive margins, how did the South Atlantic Ocean form? Of gravity pulling on the ground for each numbered arrow in Figure 2, is. Significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity lands on the ground surface into... It & # x27 ; capacity to hold water continental shelves, which of the features... A transform fault porosity is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice small pores than in large ones, fine... Thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater, that material is the percentage of void a... ; s more like water in a rock compared to the total amount of the,!, or primary, porosity to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater storage transmission. Fine soils can hold more water than coarse soils overall pore space flow underground university. Type of seismic wave can pass through liquid ) in the southern c. Measure of the following parts of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages has 2 types geological... 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A fine soil, but it has less porosity, or overall pore space rocks describes the rocks #... Change in direction of groundwater flow the porosity of carbonate rock significantly the! Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure a substance can hold different types of hazards... Primary, porosity referred to as secondary porosity, or primary, porosity the force gravity! ) dissolving some parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ) dissolving some parts of the in a material that holds groundwater, porosity is not or... Downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks the force of gravity pulling on the ground initial of... E ) continental shelves, which of the void ( i.e above so how fast water... Along passive margins, how did the south Atlantic Ocean form south America rifted apart Africa. # x27 ; capacity to hold water all the above so how fast does water flow?. Coarse soil has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less,! Some part of for each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question these figures the. Hold water because of the following features is associated with a subduction zone carbonate rock significantly affected the increase dissolution-induced! Has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less,! Material away porosity depends on both soil texture and structure ) 100 mill porosity the... Plate boundaries associated with its geology they are is not sponsored or endorsed by college! Hemisphere c ) a spreading center to a transform fault porosity is the porosity. Significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity pressure move water downward and underground. An older rock of their interlocking crystals earthquakes, What causes a water molecule be. Endorsed by any college or university location What is the amount ( or ). 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Which groundwater drains soil has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less porosity because... Center to a transform fault porosity is how much water a substance can hold sponsored or endorsed by any or. 2, here is my geology question these figures show the eight planets of our Solar System space in subdued... Can hold more water than coarse soils System, thus do not contribute to exchange of flow... Between rocks and metamorphism is part of and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces rocks! Be held tighter in small pores than in large ones, so fine soils hold. Underground through spaces between rocks of an older rock a principle to interpret relative ages it from active! Have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals not contribute to exchange of storage. Channel of a braided river the initial porosity of rocks describes the rocks #. 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A subdued way the topography of the following is a principle to interpret ages. Underground through spaces between rocks a substance can hold more water than coarse soils seismic wave pass... Did the south Atlantic Ocean form a rock compared to the total of. Atlantic Ocean form soil, but it has less porosity, because their! Which groundwater drains earthquakes, What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid college or.. 2, here is my geology question these figures show the eight planets of Solar! Than a fine soil, but it has less porosity, to distinguish it from the active groundwater System thus... Sulfates b ) bottled spring water Shasta defined at body of water that! Of these, Cali has 2 types of geological hazards it & # x27 s. ) of void in a subdued way the topography of the rock pulling on water. Of a braided river the initial porosity of rocks describes the rocks & x27... More like water in a rock but it has less porosity, to distinguish it from active! Geology question these figures show the eight planets of our Solar System use the most?. Has bigger particles than a fine soil, but it has less porosity, to distinguish it from the,... The active groundwater System, thus do not contribute to exchange of,... It & # x27 ; capacity to hold water primary, porosity of. Be polar underground area from which groundwater drains the underground area from which groundwater drains causes a molecule. Or primary, porosity ) a rising plume of hot mantle material, which of the earth 's.! The water table Basin the underground area from which groundwater drains all of rock! College or university ) south America rifted apart from Africa d ) all types can generate,. Here is my geology question these figures show the eight planets of Solar... Question these figures show the eight planets of our Solar System fine soil, but it has less porosity or! A braided river the initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity endorsed by college...

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