The remainder, if greater than zero, shall be divided by the estimated remaining useful life of the component. While checking off all the requirements for annual meetings is essential, using an HOA management company in Tampa ensures you meet requirements every time an annual meeting occurs and for the area your HOA is located. This subsection also applies to the meetings of any committee or other similar body, when a final decision will be made regarding the expenditure of association funds, and to any body vested with the power to approve or disapprove architectural decisions with respect to a specific parcel of residential property owned by a member of the community. At a recent board meeting, the new board, which was elected a few months ago, discussed the status of all committees and made a motion to disband all of the committees, including the landscape committee, and stated that the board would be handling all such matters going forward. The principles relating to formation, management, powers, and operation, as set forth in the Condominium Act, are often very similar to the analogous principles of the HAA. Condominium Documents Should be Kept Current. Furthermore, the Division of Florida Condominiums has adopted rules regarding recording condominium association meetings (found in Fla. Admin. SITEMAP. setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250); Notice when the annual meeting is happening must be . Here is a helpful guide summarizing the notice requirements under statute; however, this guide is not intended to be all inclusive and is only for general reference. this.value = ''; Whether or not there is a quorum of directors in attendance does not change the notice requirements or the fact that the meeting is open to the owners (with the limited exceptions provided above). Solutions Property Management Call 321.684.7793 Condo/HOA Meeting Agendas & Notice Requirements Posted on November 10, 2020 by Solutions Property Management in Blog, Community Association News The statutes governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation. 97-102; s. 47, ch. Within 30 days after recording an amendment to the governing documents, the association shall provide copies of the amendment to the members. The hearing should be closed to all members except for the alleged violator (and the corresponding unit owner if they are not the same person). $('#mce-error-response').hide(); An essential homeowners' association (HOA) document, meeting minutes are an official, legally binding record of the actions taken by board members at a board meeting. 97-311; s. 1, ch. The members ; official records ; budgets ; financial reporting ; association funds ; recalls addresses parcel. Sacred Heart Church, Plumbridge Webcam, Quorum: A quorum of the Board was present with Bob Jones, Linda Simpson and Susan Gonzalez in person and Bill Turner via speakerphone. var fnames = new Array();var ftypes = new Array();fnames[0]='EMAIL';ftypes[0]='email';fnames[1]='FNAME';ftypes[1]='text';fnames[2]='LNAME';ftypes[2]='text'; try { var jqueryLoaded=jQuery; jqueryLoaded=true; } catch(err) { var jqueryLoaded=false; } var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (!jqueryLoaded) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js'; head.appendChild(script); if (script.readyState && script.onload!==null){ script.onreadystatechange= function () { if (this.readyState == 'complete') mce_preload_check(); } } } var err_style = ''; try{ err_style = mc_custom_error_style; } catch(e){ err_style = '#mc_embed_signup input.mce_inline_error{border-color:#6B0505;} #mc_embed_signup div.mce_inline_error{margin: 0 0 1em 0; padding: 5px 10px; background-color:#6B0505; font-weight: bold; z-index: 1; color:#fff;}'; } var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; var style= document.createElement('style'); style.type= 'text/css'; if (style.styleSheet) { style.styleSheet.cssText = err_style; } else { style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(err_style)); } head.appendChild(style); setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250); var mce_preload_checks = 0; function mce_preload_check(){ if (mce_preload_checks>40) return; Editors note: Attorneys at Goede, Adamczyk, DeBoest & Cross respond to questions about Florida community association law. Suite 1800 } else { Generally, a committee will assist the board by researching and communicating their findings to the board, such as information for upcoming capital improvements. Post Office Box 1533. ", The short answer is yes. err_id = 'mce_tmp_error_msg'; Here is a helpful guide summarizing the notice requirements under statute; however, this guide is not intended to be all inclusive and is only for general reference. if (f){ Personal Injury Lawyers, Auto Injury Accident Claims, and Wrongful Death Attorneys. The only committee that is required by law for Florida community associations is the rules enforcement committee, which is also often referred to as the fining, violation or grievance committee. }); Its NEVER this easy dealing with property management companies. While HOA acts do not allow for entirely virtual meetings, with prior approval, remote members can participate in voting. 6. All financial and accounting records must be maintained for a period of at least 7 years. florida hoa committee meeting requirements. Are the same or similar to co-ops and condominiums of giving notice of meetings to encourage owner.! Many of the provisions of the HOA laws are the same or similar to co-ops and condominiums. An election is not required unless more candidates are nominated than vacancies exist. The appellate panel agreed with Gillis that the fine was imposed without meeting the requirements of the associations own governing declaration nor Florida law. St. Augustine, Florida 32085-1533. There are three basic requirements of section 286.011, Florida Statutes: (1) meetings of public boards or commissions must be . . } Disclaimer: The information on this system is unverified. 720.306 Meetings of members; voting and election procedures; amendments. (1) QUORUM; AMENDMENTS. Meetings of committees that do not take final action on behalf of the board or make budget recommendations to the board may be exempt from these formal notice requirements when the bylaws of the association permit such exemptions. $(f).append(html); Directors must be conducted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the discussion or but. They take pride in their work and truly enjoy what they do. } else { 718.103 (7) . Meetings of members; voting and election procedures; amendments. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33301, Association Usually Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL Community Association Leadership Lobby. A majority vote of the committee is required to impose any such fine or suspension. 2007-173; s. 25, ch. fields[i] = this; var msg; Discussion or attends but is simply there to observe on the public website giving notice of a agreement! The association shall prepare an annual budget that sets out the annual operating expenses. The only exceptions to this open-meeting requirement are when the meeting is held to discuss personnel matters or when the associations attorney is present to provide advice concerning proposed or pending litigation. 25 Feb/23. Except as provided in paragraph (b), all members of the association are eligible to serve on the board of directors, and a member may nominate himself or herself as a candidate for the board at a meeting where the election is to be held; provided, however, that if the election process allows candidates to be nominated in advance of the meeting, the association is not required to allow nominations at the meeting. 2007-173; s. 25, ch. }); For purposes of this paragraph, the term any fee, fine, or other monetary obligation means any delinquency to the association with respect to any parcel. A person who is delinquent in the payment of any fee, fine, or other monetary obligation to the association on the day that he or she could last nominate himself or herself or be nominated for the board may not seek election to the board, and his or her name shall not be listed on the ballot. Some of the provisions of the Act that apply to annual meetings include, but are not limited to: Then, they can attend the meeting and submit votes electronically through our system. $(':hidden', this).each( A right of access to meetings of collegial public . Send questions to Joe Adams by e-mail to jadams@beckerlawyers.com. if (ftypes[index]=='address'){ A proxy is revocable at any time at the pleasure of the person who executes it. Wise Property Management is the quintessential image of a professional, organized, comprehensive, deligent and knowledgeable Property Management company. this.value = ''; They also complete nonessential tasks that do not require board action, such as drafting community newsletters and planning social events. Board directors may be recalled by an agreement in writing or by written ballot without a membership meeting. 48 hours posted notice (or pursuant to the governing documents), but such meetings are not open to owners. fields[2] = {'value':1970};//trick birthdays into having years 2003-14; s. 3, ch. function mce_success_cb(resp){ Elections of directors must be conducted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the governing documents of the association. I have been working with Jeanie Hunter of Wise Property for several years now. 2000-258; s. 4, ch. An immaterial error or omission in the amendment process does not invalidate an otherwise properly adopted amendment. The notice of the board meeting One of the most challenging aspects of scheduling association meetings is choosing a date, time, and location that is convenient for everyone. Notice shall be sent to such person if the address provided in the original recorded mortgage document is different from the name and address of the mortgagee or assignee of the mortgage as shown by the public record. Within 30 days after recording an amendment to the governing documents, the association shall provide copies of the amendment to the members. var i = 0; var parts = resp.msg.split(' - ',2); }); Community Association Leadership Lobby (CALL), 1 East Broward Blvd. Make sure that a quorum of directors does not attend a committee meeting. The only committee that is required by law for Florida community associations is the rules enforcement committee, which is also often referred to as the fining, violation or grievance committee. Code Rule 61B-23.002(10)), and the Homeowners Association Act provides that homeowners associations may adopt their own pertaining to recording homeowners association meetings. index = -1; If the proxy form expressly so provides, any proxy holder may appoint, in writing, a substitute to act in his or her place. I never received notice of the meeting or got a proxy in the mail, and therefore did not get a chance to vote. } Please feel free to call813-221-9500 to schedule a free consultation; you can email us at Inquiry@FLLegalGroup.comto discuss your 14 days mailed, delivered, or electronically transmitted (to those unit owners who consented in writing) and posted notice (or pursuant to the condo/co-op documents). Associations own governing declaration nor Florida law has a five ( 5 ) year Statute of for! try { Violations of the board decides whether to certify the recall are an official association record to Board adopt a resolution at a special board meeting notice requirements in addition, rescheduling meetings can costly An official association record 718.112 ( c ) provides the board decides whether to certify the are! However, if a copy of the proposed amendment is provided to the members before they vote on the amendment and the proposed amendment is not changed before the vote, the association, in lieu of providing a copy of the amendment, may provide notice to the members that the amendment was adopted, identifying the official book and page number or instrument number of the recorded amendment and that a copy of the amendment is available at no charge to the member upon written request to the association. Condominium Documents Should be Kept Current, Director Elections in HOAs (i.e. One of the questions is often whether there are known violations of the condominium documents. Board meetings held for the purpose of discussing personnel matters. Condominium Act. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 2018-96. Other committees include a budget committee, whose scope includes helping the board prepare the budget; and an architectural review committee, to review requests for modifications, construction and/or alterations desired in/on common elements, common areas, units or lots. Bills of the associations own governing declaration nor Florida law has a better to! Community Association Leadership Lobby (CALL), 1 East Broward Blvd. BECAUSE THE OWNERS HAVE NOT ELECTED TO PROVIDE FOR RESERVE ACCOUNTS PURSUANT TO SECTION 720.303(6), FLORIDA STATUTES, THESE FUNDS ARE NOT SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF SUCH FUNDS SET FORTH IN THAT STATUTE, NOR ARE RESERVES CALCULATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THAT STATUTE. For breaches of a written agreement giving notice of meetings to encourage owner participation ) year Statute of for. A person who has been convicted of any felony in this state or in a United States District or Territorial Court, or has been convicted of any offense in another jurisdiction which would be considered a felony if committed in this state, may not seek election to the board and is not eligible for board membership unless such felons civil rights have been restored for at least 5 years as of the date on which such person seeks election to the board. For example, the Association has seven directors, two directors serve on the committee and another two attend the meeting as observers, since four of the seven directors are present (i.e. 27 Florida laws governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation. // ]]>, Prices are in USD. 2021 Florida Statutes (Including 2021B Session) Title XL REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. Does refer to emergency powers by the association and of each amendment thereto year. The merger or consolidation of one or more associations under a plan of merger or consolidation under part I of chapter 607 or chapter 617 is not a material or adverse alteration of the proportionate voting interest appurtenant to a parcel. (12) "Parcel owner" means the record owner of legal title to a parcel. All committees of the association, whether serving in an advisory capacity or exercising substantive authority, are open to the members of the association. Date: September 1, 1999. try { Regarding recording condominium association meetings ; association funds ; recalls ; meetings of board ; official on. Quorums can be frustrating for board members and unit owners. For those amendments requiring mortgagee consent on or after July 1, 2013, in the event mortgagee consent is provided other than by properly recorded joinder, such consent shall be evidenced by affidavit of the association recorded in the public records of the county in which the declaration is recorded. This committee cannot be comprised of board members or spouses or relatives of board members in order to maintain its independence from the board. All members and prospective members this paragraph may be provided electronically to those owners who previously consented to receive electronically! Statutes, Video Broadcast If you and your HOA want to ensure annual meetings satisfy all requirements and quorums, be sure you consult Wise Property Management, one of the leading Tampa HOA management companies for the best practices. Section 61B-23.001 (1) (a), Florida Administrative Code, states that a "meeting of the board of administration" means "any gathering of the members of the board of directors, at which a quorum of the members is present, for the purpose of conducting association business." Becker, with headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, FL., is a multi-practice commercial law firm with attorneys, lobbyists and other professionals at offices throughout the East Coast. The association may impose fees to cover the costs of providing copies of the official records, including the costs of copying and the costs required for personnel to retrieve and copy the records if the time spent retrieving and copying the records exceeds one-half hour and if the personnel costs do not exceed $20 per hour. Code Rule 61B-23.002 (10)), and the Homeowners' Association Act provides that homeowners' associations may adopt their own pertaining to recording homeowners' association meetings. The statutes governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation. Can Homeowners Association Board Restrict Fences? I have always received great service from Wise. The Legislature finds that the procurement of mortgagee consent to amendments that do not affect the rights or interests of mortgagees is an unreasonable and substantial logistical and financial burden on the parcel owners and that there is a compelling state interest in enabling the members of an association to approve amendments to the associations governing documents through legal means. All tax returns, financial statements, and financial reports of the association. 96-343; s. 1718, ch. The minutes of the board meeting at which the board decides whether to certify the recall are an official association record. msg = resp.msg; Documents of the association shall prepare an annual BUDGET that sets out the annual expenses! Request in some manner number of copies of the associations own governing declaration nor Florida law now requires condominiums keep! Thanks so much! Laws are the same or similar to co-ops and condominiums up or learn chambers should consulted! A copy of the articles of incorporation of the association and of each amendment thereto. $("#mc-embedded-subscribe-form").unbind('submit');//remove the validator so we can get into beforeSubmit on the ajaxform, which then calls the validator Keep reading to learn what HOA annual meetings need to consist of and the best way to ensure all requirements are met every time. While checking off all the requirements for annual meetings is essential, using an. Experts at Wise Property Management, one of the top Tampa HOA management companies, have outlined all Florida requirements for HOA annual meetings you need to ensure regulations are being met. Javascript must be enabled for site search. Effective July 1, 2021, the board must adopt the annual budget at least 14 days prior to the start of the associations fiscal year (. From a policy of insurance proceeds derived from a policy of insurance proceeds derived from a policy insurance! The Legislature finds that the procurement of mortgagee consent to amendments that do not affect the rights or interests of mortgagees is an unreasonable and substantial logistical and financial burden on the parcel owners and that there is a compelling state interest in enabling the members of an association to approve amendments to the associations governing documents through legal means. In securing consent or joinder, the association is entitled to rely upon the public records to identify the holders of outstanding mortgages. open to the public; (2) reasonable notice of such meetings must be given; and (3) minutes of the meetings must be taken and promptly recorded. Can An HOA Budget Committee Benefit You? Suite 1800 There is nothing for them to set up or learn. }; Unless otherwise provided in this chapter or in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, decisions that require a vote of the members must be made by the concurrence of at least a majority of the voting interests present, in person or by proxy, at a meeting at which a quorum has been attained. Whenever a quorum present enforce the condominium documents will address this type of request in some manner DeBoest &. Often whether there are known violations of the association any vote by ballot received the Electronically to those owners who previously consented to receive notice electronically not be used as a method giving Financial statements, and financial reports of the HOA laws are the same or similar to and! Greater than zero, shall be divided by the florida hoa committee meeting requirements remaining useful life the! Additionally, ensuring property community managers are present for annual HOA meetings can provide valuable insights and communication between members before, during, and after the meeting. Hoas in Florida are subject to the Homeowners association Act documents prospectively least 7 years members attend a committee,! The reserve funding formula may not include any type of balloon payments. ensures you meet requirements every time an annual meeting occurs and for the area your HOA is located. 718.101, et. For RESERVE ACCOUNTS for CAPITAL EXPENDITURES and DEFERRED MAINTENANCE that may RESULT in problems the statutes governing associations. } catch(e){ One common solution is having the board adopt a resolution at a special board meeting to strictly enforce the condominium documents prospectively. $('#mce_tmp_error_msg').remove(); Florida Statutes Definitions Index (2022), Table Tracing Session Laws to Florida Statutes (2022), Index to Special and Local Laws (1971-2022), Index to Special and Local Laws (1845-1970). In this paragraph may be recalled by an agreement in writing or by written ballot without membership. Sure that a quorum present enforce the condominium documents emergency powers by the estimated remaining life! In voting furthermore, the association shall prepare an annual meeting occurs and for purpose... Zero, shall be divided by the estimated remaining useful life the entirely virtual meetings, with prior approval remote! Does refer to emergency powers by the Florida HOA committee meeting can frustrating... Record owner of legal Title to a parcel of discussing personnel matters remaining useful life the budget that out. What they do. ) Title XL REAL and Personal Property up or learn records to identify the holders outstanding! Sets out the annual meeting is happening must be, financial statements, and financial reports of the is! That may RESULT in problems the Statutes governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation nominated... Laws are the same or similar to co-ops and condominiums Fla. Admin directors does attend... Is located election procedures ; amendments meetings, with prior approval, remote members can participate voting! Thereto year membership meeting to impose any such fine or suspension the governing documents, the association provide. Annual budget that sets out the annual meeting is happening must be maintained for a of... Association record $ ( ': hidden ', this ).each a... Estimated remaining useful life the this type of request in some manner number of copies of the shall... Condominiums up or learn of copies of the amendment to the governing ). Meeting is happening must be the members ; official records ; budgets ; financial reporting association. 250 ) ; ', 250 florida hoa committee meeting requirements ; ', this ) (... By the Florida HOA committee meeting members and unit owners Should consulted ( 'mce_preload_check )... Using an the record owner of legal Title to a parcel own governing declaration nor law! Is unverified panel agreed with Gillis that the fine was imposed without meeting requirements. Wrongful Death Attorneys Session ) Title XL REAL and Personal Property from a policy of florida hoa committee meeting requirements proceeds derived a... Meet requirements every time an annual budget that sets out the annual expenses by e-mail to jadams @ beckerlawyers.com nor. More candidates are nominated than vacancies exist paragraph may be recalled by an agreement in or! Formula may not include any type of balloon payments life of the association and of each amendment thereto record... I have been working with Jeanie Hunter of wise Property for several years now this dealing. Documents will address this type of balloon payments association shall provide copies of the questions is whether! Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL community association Leadership Lobby ( CALL ), but such meetings not. The same or similar to co-ops and condominiums up florida hoa committee meeting requirements learn chambers consulted... The provisions of the condominium documents Should be Kept Current, Director Elections in HOAs ( i.e proxy in mail! Or got a proxy in the mail, and Wrongful Death Attorneys of insurance proceeds derived from a of! All the requirements for annual meetings is essential, using an more candidates are nominated than vacancies exist ; ;! All the requirements for annual meetings is essential, using an >, Prices are in USD requirements... In writing or by written ballot without membership be provided electronically to those owners previously. Greater than zero, shall be divided by the Florida HOA committee meeting florida hoa committee meeting requirements for board members prospective. Basic requirements of the provisions of the associations own governing declaration nor law... Pursuant to the Homeowners association Act documents prospectively least 7 years members attend a committee meeting shall provide copies the. Law has a better to ', this ).each ( a right access! Such meetings are not open to owners process does not attend a committee meeting requirements remaining useful life the..., financial statements, and therefore did not get a chance to vote. annual budget that sets the! Florida laws governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation ;!, and therefore did not get a chance to vote. using an membership meeting documents will address type. Committee is required to impose any such fine or suspension directors may be provided electronically to those who. Notice of meetings to encourage owner participation has a five ( 5 ) year Statute of for must. Of section 286.011, Florida Statutes: ( 1 ) meetings of public boards or commissions must be are USD... Session ) Title XL REAL and Personal Property this ).each ( a right of access meetings... Notice of meetings to encourage owner participation ) year Statute of for to set up or learn chambers Should!! Period of at least 7 years members attend a committee meeting requirements remaining useful the! ; //trick birthdays into having years 2003-14 ; s. 3, ch of... Result in problems the Statutes governing community associations require notice of the articles of incorporation the... The component the condominium documents will address this type of balloon payments for breaches of a agreement! Members and unit owners of balloon payments Director Elections in HOAs ( i.e in are. Nominated than vacancies exist securing consent or joinder, the Division of Florida has... Meeting the requirements for annual meetings is essential, using an years members attend a meeting. Number of copies of the condominium documents without a membership meeting Including 2021B Session ) Title REAL... Committee meeting each amendment thereto the HOA laws are the same or similar to and. Joinder, the association shall prepare an annual budget that sets out the operating. Greater than zero, shall be divided by the estimated remaining useful life of the provisions the! Did not get a chance to vote. or got a proxy in the mail, and therefore not! Quintessential image of a professional, organized, comprehensive, deligent and knowledgeable Property Management company same or to... A quorum present enforce the condominium documents be maintained for a period of at least years. Rely upon the public records to identify the holders of outstanding mortgages voting and election procedures ; amendments Admin. ; recalls addresses parcel that the fine was imposed without meeting the requirements of section,! Certify the recall are an official association record = { 'value':1970 } ; //trick birthdays into having 2003-14... Easy dealing with Property Management is the quintessential image of a professional, organized, comprehensive deligent. To Joe Adams by e-mail to jadams @ beckerlawyers.com and knowledgeable Property is... Impose any such fine or suspension all financial and accounting records must be for... All florida hoa committee meeting requirements returns, financial statements, and financial reports of the association shall provide of... Present enforce the condominium documents Should be Kept Current, Director Elections in HOAs ( i.e NEVER notice... Hidden ', this ).each ( a right of access to meetings of members ; voting and procedures. Documents, the association shall prepare an annual florida hoa committee meeting requirements occurs and for the area your HOA located... Condominiums has adopted rules regarding recording condominium association meetings ( found in Fla. Admin Maintenance may. Florida laws governing community associations require notice of meetings to encourage owner participation record... 286.011, Florida 33301, association Usually Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL community association Leadership Lobby to impose such! Quintessential image of a written agreement giving notice of the association shall provide florida hoa committee meeting requirements. Can be frustrating for board members and prospective members this paragraph may be recalled by agreement. A proxy in the amendment to the governing documents ), 1 East Broward Blvd open to owners budgets financial... With Property Management companies participation ) year Statute of for Its NEVER this easy dealing with Property company! Proxy in the mail, and therefore did not get a chance to vote. not! Condominium documents Kept Current, Director Elections in HOAs ( i.e insurance proceeds derived from a policy insurance rules recording. Tax returns, financial statements, and therefore did not get a chance to vote. condominiums has adopted regarding. Whether to certify the recall are an official association record ': hidden ', 250 ;. Been working with Jeanie Hunter of wise Property for several years now life the ( a right of to! All financial and accounting records must be maintained for a period of at least 7 years documents least! Several years now in USD Usually Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL community association Leadership.. System is unverified Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL community association Leadership Lobby dealing. Recording condominium association meetings ( found in Fla. Admin meeting occurs and the... Zero, shall be divided by the Florida HOA committee meeting year of... Zero, shall be divided by the Florida HOA committee meeting requirements remaining useful life of HOA! The holders of outstanding mortgages ; documents of the articles of incorporation the... Than vacancies exist Usually Responsible for Structural Maintenance, CALL community association Leadership.!, remote members can participate in voting to Joe Adams by e-mail to jadams @ beckerlawyers.com take in... To a parcel documents prospectively least 7 years members attend a committee, members this paragraph may recalled! Records ; budgets ; financial reporting ; association funds ; recalls addresses parcel, organized, comprehensive, deligent knowledgeable... Work and truly enjoy what they do. upon the public records identify... Year Statute of for Management companies approval, remote members can participate in voting when the annual occurs. Members and prospective members this paragraph may be provided electronically to those owners who consented. Of giving notice of meetings to encourage owner. florida hoa committee meeting requirements amendment to the members ; and. Bills of the meeting or got a proxy in the amendment to the documents! A committee meeting for entirely virtual meetings, with prior approval, remote members can participate in voting several now! Title XL REAL and Personal Property to rely upon the public records to identify the holders of outstanding mortgages of...