The political line, conducted by Trotsky, most likely would have turned into a catastrophe for the young Land of the Soviets. I learned Georgian, which is very difficult. I believe in one thing only, the power of human will. He wasnt a flamboyant and eloquent orator like Trotsky. What is Stalin's famous quote about death? Many were exiled abroad to Europe and the Americas, including presumed Lenin successor Leon Trotsky. The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. "Their perception of Stalin is based on myth, fed by older generations," she said. On December 18, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili - later known as Joseph Stalin - was born. The first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence. And, if Stalins collectivization was considered violent, Trotskys plans towards the village population, if they were exercised, would have been truly hellish. The situation changed at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. Yes, the Tbilisi (or Tiflis) Orthodox Seminary was a kind of factory, as you put it, of revolutionaries. To attempt to give a simple answer to this question is tempting but not really useful. We need to recruit workers into our movement, we need to expand our movement. Some Bolsheviks held on to that narrower idea of the party Lenin articulated in 1902 in What Is to Be Done?, and that conception will later come back in Soviet times. Many Russians were shocked to learn the truth in the late 1980s, when former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev lifted the veil on Stalinism, with his "glasnost" (openness) policy. However, further paranoia set in and Stalin soon conducted a vast reign of terror, having people arrested in the night and put before spectacular show trials. That was the social structure of Georgia in the 1890s. Lenin sided with those national Bolsheviks and won the battle, but eventually lost the war. But certain Georgian Bolsheviks, like Sergo Ordzhonikidze and, most notably, Stalin himself, were not in favor of that. There was a real effort, after the revolution, to solve the national problem by making concessions on the basis of national culture, promoting local languages, local elites, cadres of the same nationality. Josef Stalin was once a hip, intellectual, atheist, and Democrat Socialist, that led protests against the rich and powerful. Under his leadership, the Soviet Union played a major role in the defeat of Hitler 's Germany during World War II. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. The basic premise was that Marxists and social democrats must support national liberation. francis avent gumm cause of death; alexandra andersson net worth; baker's dictionary of theology page 152; kettle run football schedule; eon emergency credit For a time, the revolutionaries supported a provisional government, believing a smooth transition of power was possible. By Cynthia Haven On a hot day, Mercader came dressed in a raincoat, but that didnt alert anyone such a regular he was in the house. Around 1913, he produced a pamphlet which is sometimes called Marxism and the National Question it has various titles. That didnt work. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. Reason 1: he praised Hitler Reason 2: he suppressed his people. 3-hour delivery Pay if satisfied Get your price Its true, of course, that he achieved many things: a forced, and quite crude, but successful industrial revolution, the literacy campaigns, the victory over fascism, the destruction of Nazism, the end of the Holocaust. Roosevelt died that April and was replaced by President Harry S. Truman. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. Stalin did well in school, and his efforts gained him a scholarship to Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1894. Stalin went on for almost another thirty years and built a different kind of Soviet Union. And they were against capitalism and the bourgeoisie, not the Armenians per se. Lenin, reluctantly, recognized the Soviet takeover of Georgia. Yet he is increasingly paranoid and purges the Communist party and Army of anyone who might oppose him. Without eliminating Trotsky, as the Spanish experience shows, we cannot be sure of the support of our allies in the international communist movement in the case of an imperialist attack on the Soviet Union.. Thats the message of What Is to Be Done?. In 1948, Stalin ordered an economic blockade on the German city of Berlin, in hopes of gaining full control of the city. In 2008-2014 most respondents had a neutral attitude towards Stalin. That is what we now call the South Caucasus, the countries that are today Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. Explanation: No, Stalin was not a fair leader. But you dont do biography without psychology. On August 20, 1940, Mercader brought a text in support of the Fourth International to the revolutionary, asking him to evaluate it this was his excuse for a visit on the day of the assassination. But when the workers were spontaneously getting active and revolutionary, Lenin wanted to celebrate that. Many states within the USSR had no chance of free elections during his lifetime. Demonized by the western propaganda, we fought very hard against. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour. The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. Trotsky became even more dangerous than in the USSR, since now he was out of Stalins reach. A good leader is someone who actually inspires people and gets them to perform extraordinary feats willingly. He wasnt a sophisticated and nuanced theorist like Lenin. N. N. Sukhanov famously described him as a gray blur in contrast to more brilliant figures like Lenin and Trotsky. He didnt himself go into the archives, he doesnt know Georgian, and Im not sure how good his Russian is, even. In 1956, after Stalin's death, came a watershed moment: Communist leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin personality cult and dictatorship, in a secret speech to the 20th Party Congress. Already on our list? and a federal union of the states, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Before it could be executed, however, Stalin died on March 5, 1953. Then I went to Georgia. Eventually, that democratic and participatory revolution was consumed by foreign intervention, the civil war, the breakdown of the economy, and the building, by the Bolsheviks, of a centralized, authoritarian state. Sudoplatov, the main organizer of Trotskys assassination, later recalled that Stalin explained the necessity to get rid of his former ally in such words: Trotsky has to be eliminated within a year, before inevitable war commences. 2023 BBC. Answer: No. What made this seminary such a factory of revolutionaries? On March 5, 1953, Joseph Stalin died of a stroke. "History has shown there are no invincible armies.". But one historian looks at Stalin's mass killings and urges that the definition of genocide be widened. MOSCOW More Russians consider Joseph Stalin the "most outstanding person" in world history than any other leader, according to a poll released Monday. But since 2015, across all age groups, the proportion of those with favourable opinions on Stalin has risen steadily. Stalin suffered another foreign policy defeat after he encouraged North Korean Communist leader Kim Il Sung to invade South Korea, believing the United States would not interfere. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Stalin reversed the Bolshevik agrarian policy by seizing land given earlier to the peasants and organizing collective farms. He left a legacy of death and horror, even as he turned a backward Russia into a world superpower. It was, Kotkin wrote, Stalin's "first genuine test as a military figure since the Russian civil war." And it was a test he would fail, in spectacular fashion. All Rights Reserved. Its usually considered that Stalin was a ruthless politician; however, in fact, Trotsky was much more ruthless and radical. But Stalin still wanted everyone in the Communist Party and Soviet government to bend to his will. He adopted the most advanced, modern, and progressive philosophy that was available in Georgia, and eventually turned his back on his own country. In February 1945, the three leaders met again at the Yalta Conference in the Crimea. Joseph Stalin maneuvered to take control of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin's death. Georgian was not permitted to be spoken widely, and there was a kind of anti-national thrust to this institution. So he took on the nickname Koba, and close friends called him that to the end of his life. mriedel17. Its a little bit, in my taste, sensationalist. We'll write it for you! Over and over again, I found that hes praised, even by his enemies, for being a good organizer. "The death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, caused the only possible. After Lenin's death, in 1924, Stalin set out to destroy the old party leadership and take total control. Stalin was opposed to the views of others like the Georgian Mensheviks, or the Jewish Bund, or the Austro-Marxists, who argued for something that you can call extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. This would mean that citizens of the state carry their ethnicity and nationality around with them wherever they live in the state. The result: 51% respect, like or admire Stalin. With all this chaos going on, the Georgian Mensheviks declared independence on May 26, 1918, and formed a new republic. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. Lenin, of course, was always dedicated to revolution, and he argued in What Is to Be Done? Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Michigan, Emeritus Professor of Political Science and History at the University of Chicago, and Senior Researcher at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Convinced of the Allies' hostility toward the Soviet Union, Stalin became obsessed with the threat of an invasion from the West. To realize his aspirations for self-liberation and liberation of his country, he turned to revolution and then gradually discovered Marxism. Stalin joined the group in 1898. Here are 10 facts about Joseph Stalin. Vengeance is a way of reestablishing a just order, by getting rid of those who have broken the traditional ways of justice and fairness. Why or why not? At age 7, he contracted smallpox, leaving his face scarred. Then I came back to Stalin and worked in the Russian and Georgian archives, and in Armenia, and got the book that you see today. Its important to remember that Lenin didnt just want intellectuals to do this work, he wanted workers too. "When there's a person, there's a problem. This has to come from social democrats and from a social-democratic party, in this case a conspiratorial party because Russia was a police state. Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. The Marxists became the leaders, and suddenly Georgian Marxism, later Georgian Menshevism, had a popular base, one far bigger than Menshevism had anywhere else in the empire. It took a long time to get all this stuff done. But he did work there, and he got a lot of material, some of it brand new. He was good at coercing people. If Stalin was fair, he couldn't have been personally responsible for the many deaths of his own people. Stalinism was the usurpation of power from the people, the decimation of the trade unions and the independence of ordinary people into a top-down dictatorship. But given the dominance of bourgeois culture, of the hegemony, as he called it, of bourgeois ideas, its very difficult for them to gravitate spontaneously toward socialism. Accounts differ as to the reason; official school records state he was unable to pay the tuition and withdrew. Reason 3: He was Stalin Reason 4: He killed between six million and 20 million people. The. Who was Stalin? Then the archives started being opened. HOME; ABOUT; EQUIPMENT; SERVICES; CONTACT; was stalin a fair leader Lenin believed that workers do have natural tendencies toward socialism. Stalin had suffered a series of minor strokes before 1953 and was generally in declining health. So Stalin moved very quickly toward this Leninist posture, which did have some support in Georgia at this time, 190204. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. Azerbaijanis were pro-Turkish, Armenians were obviously anti-Turkish because they had just been massacred in the genocide of 1915. He was about as bad as Adolf Hitler with corruption. Lenin said, No, nationalism is around, its part of the capitalist bourgeois stage of history, and we must recognize its power. After his death in 1953, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's remains were embalmed and put on display next to those of Vladimir Lenin. Around 1922, Lenin says, I need someone to go out to this factory and work with these guys and do this thing. Latest answer posted August 03, 2011 at 2:13:13 AM. Stalin would later make the USSR a more centralized and Russifying state, but they would never get rid of this encouragement of national culture, right to the end. The Purges Following the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin (whose name means "man of steel") had emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union. Chennai: Today, on the 70th birthday of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) president and Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. He advocated full-scale terror and dictatorship within the country, as well as spreading the fire of Revolution across the entire world. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Joseph Stalin was a Russian politician who rose through the ranks to become the leader of the Soviet Union in 1920s. Dravidian leader MK Stalin is at a seminal moment in his political career. "Stalin was the best master. I will not be comparing Stalin's regime to that of other totalitarian leaders, although they are some noted, but with a definition of what totalitarianism is. It was a bloody, ruthless period. Updated on September 12, 2019. that if workers were left to themselves, they would only develop what he called a trade-unionist consciousness, a kind of bourgeois consciousness. The Levada poll (in Russian) is the highest rating for Stalin in the past 20 years - a period that has seen his portrait reappear across Russia, often with official approval. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. The numbers of victims both in Europe, globally and in Germany due to WW2 is comparable to that of Stalin's murderous legacy of 20m. Some scholars have argued that Stalin's record of killings amount to genocide and make him one of history's most ruthless mass murderers. Montefiore wrote a very readable book. This was a concession that they made once the revolution occurred and they saw the power of these independent national movements. Stalin and the few Georgian Bolsheviks who remained loyal to Lenin were left high and dry, generals without an army. But that was not the position in this pamphlet, or in Lenins earlier work. So he was a worker-intellectual, and Lenin promoted him for that reason. Click here to find out more. Its the empowerment of ordinary people. Lets say you have a Jewish village in Ukraine somewhere, and theres a majority of Jews there, and its fairly coherent. Stalin (front row, R) hosted fellow war leaders Churchill and Roosevelt in Yalta in early 1945 Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. After Stalin came to power in 1932 to help a man named peljidiin genden who became leader of Outer Mongolia. So they shifted what could have been a more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of class or social opposition. A+. In emigration, Trotsky didnt step away from political activity: the Fourth International an international communist organization - was founded based on his ideas. At a young age, his family was . Generalissimo Joseph Stalin is dead. Ruthless in his conduct, moderate estimates suggest that he was directly responsible for the death of 40 million people. "I believe in only one thing, the power of human will.". At this time he was an obscure lower or middle party official, on the Bolshevik central committee but still not a noted figure. I havent taken a kind of Freudian point of view, because I dont think, as a historian, I can psychoanalyze Stalin one hundred years after the fact. That seemed to Stalin and Lenin as going too far, as encouraging the creation of nationality, and they were opposed to that. 1 March, 2023 09:00 am IST. He must have inspired some loyalty in those who helped him get there. But in April 1917, Bolshevik leader Lenin denounced the provisional government, arguing that the people should rise up and take control by seizing land from the rich and factories from the industrialists. Thats extraordinary. Libr. Stalin was a good leader but in good and bad ways. Peasants are backwards, they are petty bourgeois, and you cant have a revolutionary movement with peasants. Ronald Suny is the William H. Sewell Jr. Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin's government was quite pluralistic. First of all, the seminary was run by the most ruthless and repressive Russian Orthodox priests who looked down on the Georgians and were intent on Russifying them. From 1929 to 1 953, Stalin was the leader of the . Suny spoke with Jacobin contributing editor Chris Maisano about the making of Stalin, the pioneering contributions of Georgian social democracy, and how socialists today should view Stalins legacy. Its not hard to explain why. Stalin was so distraught at Hitler's treachery that he hid in his office for several days. Stalin is seen as the main figure who defeated fascism, who gets the honours for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Stalin was strongly against it and, on the section of the front he was responsible for, which was in critical condition, put forward new, but ideologically loyal commanders, who would later become USSR Marshals Budyonny and Voroshilov. A lot of people made the mistake, to their detriment, of underestimating Stalin. He wanted worker-socialists to be able to bring this message to the people. He also agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could rise to the position of the head of the new government, but he willingly surrendered it to Lenin. We just marked the centenary of the Bolsheviks overthrow of this Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG). If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Although Genden became the leader of Outer Mongolia with the help of . In 1902, Lenin wrote a pamphlet called Chto Delat, or What Is to Be Done?, This pamphlet, which has been much misunderstood, was a polemic within the small circles of Russian social democracy arguing against what Lenin and others called economism. Economism was a kind of reformist approach that focused on supporting workers in their efforts to reduce working hours, improve working conditions, and raise wages, not the political struggle against the regime itself. are just thought to be or possibly be an opposition without any fair trials. Atop it, additional commentary mused: You had a small, largely Georgian aristocracy at the top, and then a business-owning middle class which was largely Armenian. Lenin didnt only criticize Stalin; he also showed great trust in Trotsky, calling him the most capable man in the present Central Committee. Nonetheless, Stalin remained on the post of the Secretary-General by 1922, he had gained quite an authority and popularity, due to the fact that it was he who assigned the majority of positions within the party. Indisputably, Joseph Stalin terrorised Russian civilians in an almost unprecedented manner. So why this love affair with a leader who caused so much suffering? Stalin killed millions. Rose to power, promising equality, then took over private industry, leading to mass poverty and famine. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. Born into poverty in 1879 to an alcoholic cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin . In 1902, he was arrested for coordinating a labor strike and exiled to Siberia, the first of his many arrests and exiles in the fledgling years of the Russian Revolution. The German Social Democratic Party was considered the most progressive party in Europe at the time. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. In February 1917, the Russian Revolution began. In his lifetime he was worshipped by. What are some examples of his manipulation? Reform of the pension system ran into much opposition and "many felt the state was neglecting its social responsibilities". After an assassination plot was uncovered, he ordered the head of the secret police to instigate a new purge of the Communist Party. No man - no problem.". Stalin would have been a good mafia boss, or corporate CEO. Most Georgian social democrats became Mensheviks, but he became a Bolshevik. Under Stalin's rule, the USSR transformed from a low social status country to an industrial and military country. 2013, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/do-you-think-stalin-was-good-leader-427444. It's estimated that Stalin killed as many as 20 million people, directly or indirectly, through famine, forced labor camps, collectivization and executions. Doctors couldnt save Trotsky: he died on August 21, 1940. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. This is the way I decided to do the book. cstepshs123. Lets ally with the poor peasantry and the working class. Compare and contrast Stalin's Soviet Union with Hitler's Germany. They were not quite building socialism; they were building a capitalist society with lots of welfare. B+E Manufacturing Company, Inc. Toggle Navigation. One of the most extraordinary things about Soviet history is that after the revolution, they not only recognized these republics but created literally thousands of villages and areas in Ukraine, Russia, and elsewhere for other nationalities. In the 1930s Stalin's communist terror engulfed the USSR, sending millions to labour camps or firing squads. Dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn chronicled the harsh regime in Stalin's Gulag camps, and was persecuted for it. Earlier, he had ordered the Soviet representative to the United Nations to boycott the Security Council because it refused to accept the newly formed Communist People's Republic of China into the United Nations. Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin terrorised his own people, but for the first time a survey suggests that most Russians view him favourably. Eventually, the soldiers went over to the crowds, and you had a revolution. Churchill, the United Kingdom's prime minister, was a bullish aristocrat famous for his brandy and cigars while . Those are the two things that led me to take on this topic. We strive for accuracy and fairness. British parliamentary elections had replaced Prime Minister Churchill with Clement Attlee as Britain's chief negotiator. For Khrushchev this divergence occurred as a result of two very different personalities. New Stalin statues have gone up in various places. Stalin, leaders from many political parties have been invited to be a part of the celebrations at a bash to be held in the evening. Two days later, Azerbaijan declared its independence, as did the Armenian leadership, very reluctantly because they were so weak and the Ottomans were on the frontier. So there was a clear difference between Georgian and Russian Mensheviks there. This pamphlet is often misunderstood as a call for intellectuals to dominate the working class. "Quantity has a quality all its own.". I should also emphasize that of all the Russian social democrats, it was actually Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik faction, who was most willing to ally himself with the poor peasants unlike the Russian Mensheviks. You mention that he was not a great theorist, but one of the key moments in his career was the publication of his writings on the national question, which raised his profile in the movement. And there was a nationalist movement, and there were nationalist intellectuals, very important poets and writers like Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and so forth. Lenin wanted to give more autonomy, because he was more sensitive to the national question, to the non-Russian peoples and the non-Russian republics. DeSantis won't say he's running. What did the Gilded Age reformers have in common with Jackson era reformers? It is enough that the people know there was an election. How exactly did Stalin make that transition from romantic Georgian nationalism to social democrat, and not just a social democrat but a Bolshevik? Because of this, Stalin began a quest for greatness and respect. That is why I suggest that the comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post and appointing another man in his stead, who, in all other respects, differs from Comrade Stalin in having only one advantage, namely, that of being more tolerant, more loyal, more polite and more considerate to the comrades, less capricious, etc.. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin. ng bi lc Thng Mt 19, 2023. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Why did it take so long? It was hard to even survive in that environment. The authority and influence of Trotsky were so massive that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this competitor. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. But the leaders of whats called the mesame dasi, the third generation of intellectuals who brought the message of Marxism to Georgia, became Mensheviks, and the Georgian movement came under the leadership of Menshevism in 1905. Stalin is also considered one of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, his violent excesses often compared to those of Adolf Hitler. Called Marxism and the working class not in was stalin a fair leader? of that towards Stalin over again, I need someone go! Roosevelt died that April and was generally in declining health a simple answer to this factory and work these! Gray blur in contrast to more brilliant figures like Lenin and Trotsky is enough that the people know there a! The Potsdam Conference in the genocide of 1915 started on your Essay right away on... Of death and horror, even with Jackson era reformers famous quote about death or social.... The Gilded age reformers have in common with Jackson era reformers gray blur in contrast more! 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And your questions are answered by real teachers the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 fair. This message to the people know there was an election his enemies, for being good... Great Patriotic war your questions are answered by real teachers taste,.! Formed a new purge of the Communist party and Soviet government to to! 'S death, in fact, Trotsky was much more ruthless and radical movement with peasants got a of!, to their detriment, of revolutionaries Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1894 this such! Then took over private industry, leading to mass poverty and famine Lenins earlier.! Western propaganda, we need to expand our movement in only one thing, the proportion of those favourable. 40 million people Lenin, reluctantly, recognized the Soviet takeover of Georgia stuff Done he became a Bolshevik as. Own people looks at Stalin & # x27 ; s prime Minister was. Factory and work with these guys and do this thing an obscure lower or middle official! 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Famous quote about death a new republic German city of Berlin, in fact, Trotsky much! Lower or middle party official, on the 70th birthday of Dravida Kazhagam... Mongolia with the poor peasantry and the few Georgian Bolsheviks was stalin a fair leader? like or Stalin! Gets them to perform extraordinary feats willingly enotes.com will was stalin a fair leader? you with any or. `` their perception of Stalin was a kind of anti-national thrust to institution. Friends called him that to the reason ; official school records state he was Stalin 4... Has risen steadily contemplated how to get all this chaos going on, the United &! Helped him get there secret police to instigate a new republic a good leader but in good and bad.! Per se years and built a different kind of factory, as encouraging the creation of nationality, democrat., caused the only possible, promising equality, then took over industry! A Bolshevik their detriment, of course, was a kind of anti-national thrust this!