Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. I should make myself a better person. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . Relation of existential meaning-making domains. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. He was married to a Persian princess. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. 6. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. Patients then use the data forwarded to families and family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. These relationships can provide support, guidance, employment opportunities or help navigating bureaucracies. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. Show abstract. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. Reducing health . These are primarily their family members and close friends. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs.