Aurelian served under Emperor Gallienus's (ruled 253-268) army and is believed to have participated in his assassination. 13. [d] However, although Saunders's conjecture as to Aurelian's early career is not supported by any evidence other than his nomen which could indicate Italian settler ancestry and even this is contested his rise to the highest ranks is more easily understood if he did not have to start from the bottom. To this day, our coins are denoted by which mint produced them - Philadelphia, The Agri Decumates was lost to the Romans in c.262, regained by Aurelian and Probus in 2758, and lost again sometime between 290 and 310. After the assassination of Probus in 282 by soldiers, Carus became emperor and immediately associated with himself his two sons, Carinus and Numerian. Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 - c. October 275) was a Roman emperor, . Definition of aurelian in the Definitions.net dictionary. Indeed, around this time, Aurelian reformed the Cura Annonae to replace the dole of grain by a dole of bread, salt and pork, as well as subsidized prices for other goods such as oil and wine.[51]. In Rome, the Emperor was occupied with internal menaces to his power and with the defence of Italia and the Balkans. [Aurelius Victor, xxxiii,21. Neither do the Greek sources mention the interregnum, nor the fact that Tacitus belonged to the senatorial class, nor the revival of the Senates traditional role in choosing a prince. This rapid evolution of the portrait shows that at Rome the die-engravers had never seen Tacitus before his proclamation and his arrival in the city, in contrast to what is claimed by the Historia Augusta. The Palmyrene rebellion in Egypt had probably reduced the grain supply to Rome, thus disaffecting the population to the emperor. The additional revenue from the recovered provinces, together with thorough reforms, was used to put the empires treasury back on a sound footing. [28] Aurelian used his cavalry to great effect, breaking the Goths into smaller groups which were easier to handle. Aurelian also introduced Sol Invictus in the Roman pantheon (indirectly) paving the way for the rise of Christianity. [6], The Historia Augusta describes him both as a Pannonian from Sirmium and as a native of Dacia Ripensis "which he founded so that he would have been a Moesian". The Gallic Empire was again part of the Roman Empire. The coinage of Tacitus with the reverse Libertas Aug (Cohen 54; RIC V.1, 335/91), sometimes cited in support of the hypothesis of a revival of the privileges of the Senate, has never existed: it is a coin of Rome, with the legend Ubertas Aug misread. [25], During the reign of Claudius, Aurelian was promoted rapidly: he was given command of the elite Dalmatian cavalry and soon promoted to overall head of the army after the emperor and what had been Emperor Claudius' own position before his acclamation. Was: $174.99. [29], When Claudius died, his brother Quintillus seized power with support of the Senate. They were only minor pretenders who didnt last long. They had a square tower every 30 meters (97 feet) 380 towers altogether. There was a suspicion (well possibly true) that they had been producing coins containing less precious metals than was required, creaming off the profits for themselves. Unknown. In response to developing issues endemic to the empire at this time, including an intensification of barbarian invasions, spiraling inflation, and recurrent infighting and civil war, it made a lot of sense for . Aurelian had a reputation for quickly and decisively eliminating perceived threats, so no one on the list was prepared to take chances. The city of New Orleans (in French, La Nouvelle-Orlans, in Latin, Nova Aurelianum), in Louisiana, United States is named after the commune of Orlans, and therefore by extension, Aurelian.[54]. Aurelian was born on either 214 or 215 in Illyricum (modern-day Croatia). From AD 271 to early AD 272 Septimius rose in Dalmatia, Domitianus in southern Gaul, and also a certain Urbanus staged a rebellion elsewhere. Alarming news from Asia Minor forced Aurelian to leave the theatre of operations in Raetia and Gaul before the campaign against the Germans was completed. Carus and Numerian fought a victorious campaign against the Persians . TIEPOLO GIAMBATTISTA Venecia. But the legions were no match for the barbarians this time and Aurelian suffered a severe defeat (AD 271). Indeed, under his rule, Rome was recovering some of its former splendour. Following his victory in Gaul, Aurelian returned to Rome, where he was given the honorific Restitutor Orbis (Restorer of the World) by the Senate. On top of this an epidemic swept through the Empire around 250, greatly diminishing manpower[35] both for the army and for agriculture. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. while riding in a motorcade in Dallas during a campaign visit. He went on to lead the cavalry of the emperor Gallienus, until Gallienus' assassination in 268. It was a detachment in Britain of troops from Mauretania (North Africa), around 300 people, at the time of emperor Aurelian (3rd century AD). $18. Gallienus was a well-meaning emperor, and if we ranked emperors on their . The man who appears on these coins is wearing a paludamentum (cloak), as is normal for an accession issue, and looks young. However Aurelian was quicker and the barbarians were caught up with and severely defeated before they escaped back across the Danube. Aurelian leaped from his seat, and by his countenance, white and awe-struck, showed that to him it came as a voice from the gods. but he died in 270 AD and was succeeded by Aurelian. The 6th-century chronicler John Malalas wrote that he died at the age of 61,[5] hence he was born in 214. Zenobia quickly moved to consolidate power across the east, much to the annoyance of Roman officials. The officers, afraid for their own lives, killed Aurelian. That right, which since the start of the Empire was purely theoretical, was limited to bronze, and to bronze issued at Rome. Nobody dared take on the strongest military figure of the empire, and quickly all the forces changed sides to this stern Danubian commander, abandoning a lonely emperor in Aquileia, who alas committed suicide. During the summer of 275, Aurelian reconstituted an army in Illyricum and went eastwards along the great military road of the Balkans. When Aurelian arrived at Rome the riots were brutally crushed. Died at Caenophrurium in Thrace, October/November AD 275. Source: Wikipedia Article Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 - c. October 275) was a Roman emperor, who reigned during the Crisis of the Third Century, from 270 to 275. . Their testimony does not allow us to determine whether the disturbances in Gaul were due to external or internal causes. Only the city of Tyana resisted him (AD 272). . Aurelian's father was probably a veteran of the Roman army. [13] If he did exist he would have been a dux of the Illyrian and Thracian legions. No matter the short period of his reign, Emperor Aurelian achieved unimaginable. [12], The existence of Ulpius Crinitus has been doubted by many historians. Aurelian restored the Empire's eastern provinces after his conquest of the Palmyrene Empire in 273. Not immune to conspiracies, Aurelian took part in the assassination of Emperor Gallienus in 268. Saunders suggests that his career is more easily understood if it is assumed that his family was of Roman settler origins with a tradition of military service and that he enlisted as an equestrian. T. By late summer the Goths were defeated: any survivors were stripped of their animals and booty and were levied into the army or settled as farmers in frontier regions. The reign of Aurelian as Emperor of Rome between September 270 and September 275 was a period during which some semblance of stability was restored to the empire, although chaos was to return as soon as this five years was over. The transfer of the mint from Lyon to Arles seems to have been planned - if not realized - as shown by the change of mint-mark from L(ugduni) to A(relate) in the exergue on the reverse of the coins. History repeats because human nature never changes. It was in this role as cavalry commander that he took part in the siege of Mediolanum (Milan) led by emperor Gallienus. [26] Claudius immediately dispatched Aurelian to the Balkans to contain the invasion as best he could until Claudius could arrive with his main army. It was very questionable if Claudius II Gothicus had truly named his brother heir to the imperial throne, but once more the preference of the army and senate of a less strict man than Aurelian made sure he did not become emperor. In . Aurelian, who was in Pannonia to control the Vandals' withdrawal, quickly entered Italia, but his army was defeated in an ambush near Placentia (January 271). In general, Tacituss coin types, particularly the incantatory invocation to the eternity of Rome, Romae Aeternae, may mark the return to a certain religious orthodoxy which deviates from the solar theocracy of Aurelian, but they do not break with the main themes of the second half of the 3rd century. Other sources (Zonaras, George Syncellus) tell of disturbances in Gaul at the end of Aurelians reign. Additionally, some of Ulpia's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. Obverse: Radiate, cuirassed bust of the Emperor to right . Aurelian adopted a military career, and by his skill, courage, and bodily strength he ultimately became one of the Empire's greatest generals of the 3rd . Even before the death of Aurelian, the empress was already shown in coinage as a military Concordia. He was briefly distracted by an attack by the Goths, who besieged Anchialus and Nicopolis. . The activity of the mint of Lyon, which was striking regularly but on a reduced scale, does not provide any evidence of troubles in the town, as there is no apparent disruption in its operation. In the beginning, Aurelian had been recognized as Emperor, while Vaballathus, the son of Zenobia, held the title of rex and imperator ("king" and "supreme military commander"), but Aurelian decided to invade the eastern provinces as soon as he felt his army to be strong enough. He was deified by the senate soon after his death. [citation needed], Aurelian was a reformer, and settled many important functions of the imperial apparatus, dealing with the economy and religion. [34] In the following years, however, the Empire had to face a huge pressure from external enemies, while, at the same time, dangerous civil wars threatened the empire from within, with usurpers weakening the strength of the state. [23] In four years, Aurelian had secured the frontiers of the Empire and reunified it. His father was a tenant farmer of a wealthy senator Aurelius, after whom the family were named.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'roman_empire_net-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roman_empire_net-medrectangle-3-0'); Aurelian rose through the ranks of the army, serving with distinction on the Danube frontier. Aurelian strengthened the position of the Sun god Sol Invictus as the main divinity of the Roman pantheon. The ensuing battle was indecisive: the northward advance of the Goths was halted but Roman losses were heavy. Six emperors came and went before the next strong ruler, Diocletian, came on to the scene. Dec 274Aurelian makesSol Invictusan official religion, 275Aurelian defeats Germanicattack on Raetia, SepNov 275Interregnum followsAurelians death whilenew emperor is chosen. She was from Dacia. In 274, the victorious emperor turned his attention to the west, and the Gallic Empire which had already been reduced in size by Claudius II. The historical drama or period drama is a film genre in which stories are based upon historical events and famous people. He was buried in Caenophrurium, Thrace. They had crossed the Brenner Pass and invaded northern Italy. In the briefest of time Aurelian had managed, in a breathless series of military campaigns, what none would have thought impossible. In an inscription from Tarragona (AE 1930, 150), she combines the qualities of mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (mother of the camps and of the Senate and of the homeland), that is that she receives titles normally reserved for emperors. Also see Alaric Watson 1999, p. 215, David S. Potter 2004, p. 266, Herwig Wolfram, The war against the Palmyrene Empire is described in Zosimus, 1,50,11,61,1, and, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Constantius heros (ILCV 66) An elegiac testimony on the decline of the Late Roman West", "LacusCurtius: Templum Solis (Platner & Ashby, 1929)", "Solving the Mystery of an Ancient Roman Plague", Realencyclopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurelian&oldid=1142189337, Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard, Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Imperator Caesar Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 00:41. He revised the monetary system of the empire. Already in the spring of AD 272 Aurelian set out for the east. Tetricus was made governor of Lucania, his son was made senator and Zenobia was moved to Tibur (Tivoli) and was married to a wealthy Roman senator. [21][22], Aurelian was married to Ulpia Severina, about whom little is known. The Senate finally selected Tacitus, who was of consular rank. Moreover, the monetary legends Libertas, Liberalitas and Ubertas (Abundance) cover rather vague concepts; these terms appear to be interchangeable on the reverse of coins. Lactantius argued that Aurelian would have outlawed all the other gods if he had had enough time. Unlike the assassination of Gallienus, which involved almost all the senior army commanders, the unexpected murder of Aurelian by junior officers left the State in difficulties as to how to find a successor. Aurelian's reign records the only uprising of mint workers. You have heard of Emperor Diocletian and Emperor Constantine, but its very unlikely youve heard of Emperor Aurelian. Coins were widely distributed In the Roman Empire. [citation needed] Tetricus was rewarded for his collusion by Aurelian who made him a senator and corrector (governor) of Lucania et Bruttium. The revolt seems to have been caused by the fact that the mint workers, and Felicissimus first, were accustomed to stealing the silver for the coins and producing coins of inferior quality. The Battle of Lake Benacus was fought along the banks of Lake Garda in northern Italy, which was known to the Romans as Benacus, in 268 [2] or early 269 AD, [1] between the army under the command of the Roman Emperor Claudius II and the Germanic tribes of the Alamanni and Juthungi. [11] However, he was probably associated with Gallienus's cavalry army and shone as an officer of that elite unit because, when he finally emerged in a historically reliable context in the early part of the reign of Claudius II, he seems to have been its commander. With the grain stores once again shipped to Rome, Aurelian's soldiers handed out free bread to the citizens of the city, and the Emperor was hailed a hero by his subjects. [28] The Roman army continued to follow the Goths during the spring and summer of 270. One of his successors, Emperor Diocletian (reigned 284-305) reformed the empire, allowing it to survive in the west for almost two centuries and in the east for over a millennium. To be sure, the exploits detailed in the Historia Augusta vita Divi Aureliani, while not always impossible, are not supported by any independent evidence and one at least is demonstrably an invention typical of that author. Aurelian, by then at the Danube campaigning against the Carpi, immediately moved back to Syria and captured the city. About Aurelian, Roman Emperor. The reference to a military victory by Tacitus before his arrival in Rome and the celebration of his adventus in the capital after his proclamation as emperor, disproves the theory that Tacitus was the old princeps senatus present at Rome when he was elected by his peers, or else a senator who had retired from affairs of state and who was brought back from his countryside retreat and entered Rome as a private citizen. During the Roman Republic, the name of the moneyer would appear on the coinage just as today the Secretary of the Treasury's signature appears on our paper currency - i.e. The official recall of the coinage of Gallic emperors finally took place at the end of Probuss reign (ca 282-3), but even after that the western provinces did not have enough good quality new coins: the poor quality antoniniani of Gallienus and Claudius II which had been recalled and taken out of circulation elsewhere in the Empire were put back into the market and enjoyed a widespread re-circulation. Afterward, Aurelian defeated the Gallic Emperor Tetricus I in 274. assassination: [noun] murder by sudden or secret attack often for political reasons : the act or an instance of assassinating someone (such as a prominent political leader). The Historia Augusta tells us that the region of Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg) was exposed to the ravages of the barbarians, probably again the Alamanni and the Juthungi. Tacituss accession of power is thereby shown in a totally different light. He also defeated the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. The traditional reverses for empresses which celebrate their fertility were kept to a bare minimum in Severinas case: Venus Felix on denarii, Iuno Regina on the bronze, coins rarely struck and therefore not widespread. [6] It is also generally assumed that, as a member of the lowest rank of society albeit a citizen[b] he would have enlisted in the ranks of the legions. Historical Map of Europe & the Mediterranean (summer 271 - Challengers of Aurelian: The Juthungi defeat of Aurelian at Placentia created panic in Rome which, combined with Aurelian's attempts to curb corruption, led to large scale riots. However, it would be wrong to think of these rebels as a real threat. He marched through Asia Minor (Turkey) unchallenged. In 1921, a charismatic NSW MP who supported the Russian Revolution was shot at a rural railway station as he tried to disarm an itinerant Russian migrant. Answer: I understand it is the first documented presence of Africans in Britain. This is obvious because there was no immediate successor. Funeral arrangements have been set for Abe. The Goths still managed to escape and continued their march through Thrace. If Aurelian "did suppress this food distribution system, he most likely intended to put into effect a more radical reform." Lewis, J. Now stranded in Roman territory, the Goths' lack of provisions began to take its toll. [1] As an administrator, he had been strict and had handed out severe punishments to corrupt officials or soldiers. The coinage from Lyon shows that, on the death of Aurelian, Tacitus was chosen as successor from among the former emperors staff. Two-thirds of the walls are still standing today. The line of leaders who followed Gallienus, the Soldier Emperors, ended with the assassination of _____ Aurelian. The free distribution of bread was reorganized and rations of pork, oil and salt were added to the dole. The Syrian queen cut off Rome's shipments of grain, and in a matter of weeks, the Romans started running low on bread. Then Aurelian took to Rome, where the senate officially confirmed him as emperor. This article is about the Roman emperor. Claudius II Gothicus instead appointed him 'Master of the Horse' and perhaps the most powerful military figure in the empire. [13] Crinitus adopted Aurelian as his heir, either voluntarily or possibly through force. In the same way, the monetary types Restitutor Orbis (Lyon, 3rd issue) or Restitut Orbis (Antioch, 1st issue) bear purely military connotations and faithfully copy the types of Aurelian. Aurelian r/Sol holding globe between captives. After Aurelians assassination, Severina as sole regent adopted the reverse Concordia Militum as her principal coin type. $17. Within six months, his armies stood at the gates of Palmyra, which surrendered when Zenobia tried to flee to the Sassanid Empire. Quintus Aurelian was an Imperial general and politican. The end seemed inevitable. Under Gallienuss successor, Claudius II Gothicus, Aurelian became commander of the entire Roman army. He rebuilt the walls around Rome. It is clear that the Empress as regent was exercising alone power and right to coin. The idea of Aurelian launching a persecution would not have happened given the practicality (or lack thereof) of such plans. . Epigraphic evidence confirms that the Empress had a military role. Claudius' brother, Quintillus ruled the . Also measures were introduced to reduced embezzlement, extortion and corruption among imperial and provincial administrations. This was intended to reinforce the legitimacy of the new emperor with the troops and was distributed in the presence of Tacitus. Inscriptions show that in the 3rd century AD, the libertas of a city covered various privileges, particularly tax immunities. Was Percy Brookfield's death a political . There is some evidence that Aurelian's wife, Ulpia Severina, who had been declared Augusta in 274, ruled the empire in her own right for some time after his death, although this is just speculative. Aurelian continued to harass the enemy, driving them northward into Upper Moesia where emperor Claudius had assembled his main army. But in October or November at Caenophrurium, a small Thracian town between Perinthus and Byzantium, he discovered that his private secretary, a certain Eros, had lied to him on a minor matter. In 293, Diocletian and Maximian appointed junior partners to their tetrarchy, and these partners (Galerius and Constantius) became known as _____. Fronto hastily approached him, and whispering but one word as it were into his ear, the Emperor started; the spell . The Brucheion (Royal Quarter) in Alexandria was burned to the ground. Some historical dramas are docudramas, which attempt an accurate portrayal of a historical event or biography, to the degree that the available historical research will allow.Other historical dramas are fictionalized tales that are based on an actual person and their deeds . Oriens Avg. The fact that Severina finally stepped back to favour Tacitus and that the armies did nothing to contest his candidature strengthens the hypothesis that Tacitus was closer to the military entourage of Aurelian than to senatorial circles and the evidence of the coinage supports this. Aurelian ordered the cohortes urbanae ("urban cohorts"), reinforced by some regular troops of the imperial army, to attack the rebelling mob: the resulting battle, fought on the Caelian hill, marked the end of the revolt, even if at a high price (some sources give the figure, probably exaggerated, of 7,000 casualties). In addition, the gold issue and the parallel series of aureliani clearly show a warlike imagery: these have military portraits with Tacitus holding a spear and shield, exalting the imperial Virtus (valour) as a fighting emperor and not as a senator restricted to civilian duties. Aurelian and Probus - Ilkka Syvnne 2020-06-24 This is a narrative military history of the emperors Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (270-275) and Marcus Aurelius Probus Aurelian decided that both of these independent states should be destroyed, and first took to oversee the crushing of the Palmyra, by far the greater threat to his empire as it controlled Egypt and its grain supply. He was of humble origin, but nothing definite is known of his family. At the time of Aurelians death, the Roman Empire was back United and shining in all of its glory. He set himself apart from previous emperors of the third century in . Claudius II Gothicus instead appointed him Master of the Horse and perhaps the most powerful military figure in the empire.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'roman_empire_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roman_empire_net-medrectangle-4-0'); When Claudius II died in AD 270, the throne controversially passed onto Quintillus, the late emperors brother. During his short rule, Aurelian seemed to follow the principle of "one faith, one empire", which would not be made official until the Edict of Thessalonica. It is also noteworthy that his assassination was a hastily carried out plot. At about the same time, new usurpers rose against him in the empire, the Goths crossed into the Balkans, and Zenobia invaded Asia Minor. The walls protected Rome all the way to the 19th century. 0 bids. Although Domitian, two centuries earlier, was the first emperor who had demanded to be officially hailed as dominus et deus ("master and god"), these titles never occurred in written form on official documents until the reign of Aurelian. "[40] Aurelian spared Tyana, and it paid off; many more cities submitted to him upon seeing that the Emperor would not exact revenge upon them. In Syria he defeated the main force of the Palmyrene army at Immae, 26 miles east of Antioch (AD 272). However, the menace of the Germanic people and a Germanic invasion was still perceived by the Romans as likely, therefore Aurelian resolved to build a new system of walls around Rome that became known as the Aurelian Walls. Aurelian's reputation as a commander of the cavalry. The deaths of the Sassanid Kings Shapur I (272) and Hormizd I (273) in quick succession, and the rise to power of a weakened ruler (Bahram I), presented an opportunity to attack the Sassanid Empire, and in 275 Aurelian set out for another campaign against the Sassanids. His conversion was motivated in part by a vision he experienced at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in Rome in 312 . [27] The Goths were besieging Thessalonica when they heard of emperor Claudius' approach, causing them to abandon the siege and pillage north-eastern Macedonia. . However, these coins only depict the esteemed position of Aurelian's Sol and do not provide us with any . A car carrying the body of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe arrives at . In both East and West, payments were made to the army after the assassination of Aurelian, and they were made in the name of the Empress as mater castrorum with the appeal to the Concordia of the soldiers (Concordiae Militum), the sole reverse type. A career soldier, Aurelian became a senior officer in the central imperial field army by 268, and in 270 he was elevated to the position of emperor. This was necessary since the barbaric invasions of Italy were more and more common. [25] Aureolus was still besieged in Mediolanum and sought reconciliation with the new emperor, but Claudius had no sympathy for a potential rival. The population was evacuated and resettled in two territories detached from Moesia and Thrace, which were called Dacia Ripensis and Dacia Mediterranea. 'Moors' may be misleading. NEW MAP: Europe 275: Assassination of Aurelian (September 275) https://buff.ly/3rq8iBQ Aurelian's victory in Gaul restored unity to the Roman Empire, a feat the Senate acknowledged by granting him. He spoke not; but stood gazing at the dark entrance into the temple, from which the sound had come. The coin types also highlight the exceptional political role played by Severina, as these are charged with military connotations. Roman prefect Titus Flavius Postumius Quietus was the last known official in charge of the alimenta, in 271. Apollonius implored: "Aurelian, if you desire to rule, abstain from the blood of the innocent! Afraid of punishment, Eros forged an order for the execution of high officials from the Praetorian Guard. Aurelian was buried at Caenufrurium. Out of the many possible candidates, the consular status that Tacitus had held since 273, when he held the consulship with Julius Placidianus, had probably weighed in his favour. The claim that Aurelian was chosen by Claudius on his death bed[32] can be dismissed as propaganda; later, probably in 272, Aurelian put his own dies imperii at the day of Claudius' death, thus implicitly considering Quintillus a usurper.[33]. Learn more. While Aurelian was marching with his army to invade Persia his Praetorian Guard murdered him in Thrace, Greece. Amongst the other Latin sources, Eutropius is silent on this point. Barbarian invasions, civil wars, declining economy, and breakaway empires were tearing the mighty state apart. Aurelian won this campaign largely through diplomacy; the "Gallic Emperor" Tetricus was willing to abandon his throne and allow Gaul and Britain to return to the Empire, but could not openly submit to Aurelian. I. It was an inspired move, bringing several Greek cities and the entire province of Egypt back into the empire without a fight. The first coins in the name of Tacitus were issued at Lyon for an important gold donative. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. His adventus took place in December 275, as is shown by denarii struck from aureus dies with the dated reverse P M Tr P II Cos P P: Tacituss second tribunician power began on 10 December 275 and he assumed his second consulship on 1 January 276.