Marcel Mauss : a biography. Instead of taking the usual route of teaching at a lycée, however, Mauss moved to Paris and took up the study of comparative religion and the Sanskrit language. Mauss was born in Epinal to a Jewish family, and studied philosophy at Bordeaux, where his uncle Émile Durkheim was teaching at the time and agregated in 1893. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mauss had a significant influence upon Claude Lévi-Strauss, the founder of structural anthropology. Marcel Mauss: free download. Marcel Mauss [marsel mós] (10. května 1872, Épinal – 10. února 1950, Paříž) byl francouzský sociolog a antropolog, synovec a žák Émila Durkheima.Proslavil se svými příspěvky do časopisu L´Année Sociologique a rozvinutím myšlenek svého strýce Émila Durkheima, který patří mezi zakladatele moderní sociologie. This study provides an excellent example of Mauss’s approach to method in its concern with a limited segment of social phenomena viewed in its systematic entirety. There are three important constants concerning gifts. Son oncle, Émile Durkheim, de quatorze ans son aîné, joue un rôle majeur dans sa vocation, puis sa carrière . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Bras. He possessed an encyclopaedic mind familiar with an exceptional breadth of ethnographic and linguistic knowledge. Mauss edited the sections on religion and classification of the science of sociology. Mauss was the nephew of sociologist Émile Durkheim, who contributed much to his intellectual formation and whom he assisted in the preparation of a number of works, notably Le Suicide. Marcel Mauss. Radcliffe-Brown, E.E. Resumen: Este artículo discute Marcel Mauss como sujeto histórico. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. English translation of Marcel Fournier’s Marcel Mauss: A Biography (2006 [1994]) allows us to reconsider his historical relationship with Durkheim, as well as his legacy for anthropology, history, and the social sciences today. Marcel Mauss was born in Épinal on May 10, 1872, to a pious Jewish family against whose traditions he rebelled as a young man. Corrections? Education He attended the University of Bordeaux, where he studied philosophy; one of his professors was his uncle, the sociologist Emile Durkheim. 459-474, set./dez. Mauss also wrote on magic, the concept of self, mourning rites, and other topics. These prospects were realized in 1936 with the Institut d'Ethnologie, but can only be seen retrospectively as an arm of French colonial interests. Mauss defined exchange patterns cross-culturally, using Roman, Hindu, and Germanic as well as primitive examples to demonstrate that exchange was a "total social fact" in which economic and social motives were inseparable. He attended the University of Bordeaux, where he studied philosophy; one of his professors was his uncle, the sociologist Émile Durkheim. With Henry Hubert, he wrote The Nature and Function of Sacrifice (1899), Prolegomena to a General Theory of Magic (1904; a work which influenced Durkheim's classic Elementary Forms of the Religious Life in 1912), and Introduction to Religious Phenomena (1908). Sociologie et anthropologie (1950) is a collection of essays he published between 1904 and 1938. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He also taught ethnography from 1927 to 1939 at the Institute of Ethnography, which he helped to found in 1927. São Paulo, 10(3), pp. Marcel Mauss : a biography by Fournier, Marcel, 1945-Publication date 2005 Topics Mauss, Marcel, 1872-1950, Ethnologists -- France -- Biography, Ethnology -- France -- History, Sociology -- France -- History Publisher Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press Collection Download books for free. Professeur au Collège de France, il a occupé la chaire Sociologie de 1931 à 1942. As a person born on this date, Marcel Mauss is listed in our database as the 81st most popular celebrity for the day (May 10) and the 13th most popular for the year (1872). Tur. There has been no biographical treatment of Mauss. His The Gift (1925) built on Bronislaw Malinowski's ethnographic studies of exchange and social structure in Melanesia. In 1902 he began his career as professor of primitive religion at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (“Practical School of Higher Studies”), Paris. He died on Feb. 10, 1950. He took pains to distinguish points of view in nonliterate societies, thus preserving their freshness and specificity and, at the same time, strengthening the link between psychology and anthropology. Mauss became preoccupied with museological matters in Paris and the prospects of establishing an ethnological institution. 1963); Robert H. Lowie, The History of Ethnological Theory (1937); Claude Lévi-Strauss's "French Sociology" in George Gurvitch and Wilbert E. Moore, eds., Twentieth Century Sociology (1945); Kurt H. Wolff, ed., Emile Durkheim, 1858-1917 (1960); and Marvin Harris, The Rise of Anthropological Theory (1968). 2 Pourtant, malgré ou à cause de sa célébrité, Mauss est quasiment un inconnu. The journal was intended primarily as an outlet for specialized researches. Dès ses premiers travaux de sociologie religieuse, en particulier dans son célèbre ouvrage Essai sur le don, auquel se réfèrent toujours les nouvelles générations, il a cherché à saisir et analyser le phénomène social dans tous ses aspects. With this phrase, Marcel Mauss captures the entire meaning and program of anthropology. He took seriously Durkheim's dictum that science progressed through collective effort and neglected his own researches. Mauss left a rich intellectual legacy in the social sciences, influencing the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss and others. Marcel Mauss naît en 1872 dans la ville d’Épinal. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcel-Mauss, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Marcel Mauss, Mauss, Marcel - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Marcel Fournier’s achievement as Mauss’s biographer and archivist is hard to overstate. Marcel Mauss. He believed that data about primitive cultures were necessary to the science of psychology, and he wanted to facilitate exchange of information between it and sociology. While Mauss is known for several of his own works – most notably his masterpiece Essai sur le Don (‘The Gift’) – much of his best work was done in collaboration with members of the Année Sociologique, including Durkheim (Primitive Classification), Henri Hubert (Outline of a General Theory of Magic and Essay on the Nature and Function of Sacrifice), Paul Fauconnet (Sociology) and others. Outre Marcel, ils ont un fils, Henri, né en 1876 . See Article History. Marcel Mauss: A Biography This is both a biography in the usual sense of the term and an intellectual biography. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Biographie. Son of a family Jewish very enlightened and deeply religious, in which there were various rabbis, Marcel Mauss was nephew of another great sociologist and French anthropologist, Émile Durkheim. One learns, in other words, about Marcel Mauss the man and the thinker, and these two aspects are rather well-meshed (but more about this below). The French sociologist and anthropologist Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) is best known as an ethnologist and historian of religion. Mauss is best known for his contributions to L'Année sociologique, the journal founded by Durkheim and his students, appearing in 12 volumes between 1898 and 1913. Marcel Mauss was a famous French sociologist, who was born on May 10, 1872. with Henri Hubert, Essai sur la nature et la fonction du sacrifice, L’Année sociologique, deuxième année (1897-1898), Paris, 1898, pp. Mauss also assisted, and eventually succeeded, Durkheim as editor of the journal L’Année Sociologique (“The Sociological Year”). Marcel Mauss was born in Épinal on May 10, 1872, to a pious Jewish family against whose traditions he rebelled as a young man. Background. Marcel Mauss’ The Gift is an anthropological study of gifts. Biographie Marcel Mauss Neveu et disciple du sociologue Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss est considéré comme le père de l'ethnologie française. Home Biography Marcel Mauss: A Biography Annotated Edition By Marcel Fournier (Download PDF/Epub) Biography Marcel Mauss: A Biography Annotated Edition By Marcel … Successful businesses often combine gifts with the more prosaic monetary exchanges. Although Mauss was not himself a fieldworker, he trained French anthropologists who were, and he stressed ethnography more than other Durkheimians. His most famous work is The Gift (1925). His most influential work is thought to be Essai sur le don (1925; The Gift); concentrating on the forms of exchange and contract in Melanesia, Polynesia, and northwestern North America, the work explores the religious, legal, economic, mythological, and other aspects of giving, receiving, and repaying. [Marcel Fournier] -- This book is the first intellectual biography of Marcel Mauss (1872-1950), the father of modern ethnology and a leading early figure in the French school of sociology. Marcel Mauss was a French sociologist. The French sociologist and anthropologist Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) is best known as an ethnologist and historian of religion. Marcel Mauss was born in Epinal, France on May 10, 1872, to a pious Jewish family against whose traditions he rebelled as a young man. Qui est Marcel Mauss ? Although he never did fieldwork, Mauss turned the attention of French sociologists, philosophers, and psychologists toward ethnology. Born and reared in a firmly orthodox Jewish family, Marcel Mauss was the nephew of Émile Durkheim, already at the time of Mauss’s birth one of the leading figures in French sociology. Mauss never knowingly violated Durkheim's sociological teachings, although the division of labor between them had left examples (both classical and ethnographic) to Mauss and theory to Durkheim. 2016. The phrase has sustained, for more than half a century, his extraordinary and prophetic oeuvre, which becomes increasingly timely as its deepest intention materializes in new discoveries, in the evolution of the science he contributed to establish. The nephew of Émile Durkheim, Mauss, in his academic work, crossed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology. Among his earliest works is “Essai sur la nature et la fonction du sacrifice” (1899; Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function). Most of Mauss's early published work was in collaboration with other scholars and was published in L'Année. Originally published in French in 1994, Marcel Fournier's biography Venders more visible in anglophone circles the innovative social science paradigm of Marcel Mauss (1872-1950), his uncle Emile Durkheim, and the French school of sociology. Marcel Mauss and the cultural history: a contemporary rescue Rev. People born on … Omissions? Some background on his life and work is in Rodney Needham's "Introduction" in Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, Primitive Classification (1903; trans. His lectures were described as abounding in new and productive ideas that inspired books and theses. His own work became more ethnographic after World War I as he tried to maintain the old scope of L'Année. These lectures were compiled in the Manual of Ethnography (1947). Sociologue et ethnologue, disciple et neveu de Durkheim, Marcel Mauss (1873-1950) dirigea l’Institut d’ethnologie de l’université de Paris. Copyright © 2020 LoveToKnow. Find books by Marcel Fournier’s thought-provoking biography of Mar- cel Mauss (1872–1950) is the extent to which the wide cur- rency achieved by the concept of “society” was the outcome Without his patient labors, Mauss would be even more the creature of myth and legend than he is already. The French sociologist and anthropologist Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) is best known as an ethnologist and historian of religion. Biography of Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) Anthropologist, sociologist and historian of religions French, born in Epinal in 1872 and died in Paris in 1950. Today, he is perhaps better recognised for his influence on the latter discipline, particularly with respect to his analyses of topics such as magic, sacrifice and gift exchange in different cultures around the world. Although Mauss did not receive a degree, he placed high in the national Agrégation competition in 1895. Marcel Mauss, (born May 10, 1872, Épinal, Fr.—died Feb. 10, 1950, Paris), French sociologist and anthropologist whose contributions include a highly original comparative study of the relation between forms of exchange and social structure. Marcel Mauss, (born May 10, 1872, Épinal, Fr.—died Feb. 10, 1950, Paris), French sociologist and anthropologist whose contributions include a highly original comparative study of the relation between forms of exchange and social structure. When Durkheim died in 1917, Mauss became director of L'Année. He then studied history, philology, and religion at the University of Paris and, in 1897-1898, took a study tour including Oxford, where he met Edward Tylor, who was considered to be the founder of anthropology. His views on the theory and method of ethnology are thought to have influenced many eminent social scientists, including Claude Lévi-Strauss, A.R. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 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