neem leaf in yoruba

what is the name of this herb in Yoruba?? Hello! Thank jorjette for for your contributions toward our culture,,,, hope to send for you for award,,please what is the name for gravel root thank, Please what is the yoruba name for Alchemila vulgaris also known as Lions foot or bear foot or nine hooks or ladys mantle, I really need an urgent answer please, you can also send the reply to my email box. Please tell me first what kind of cyst. Please can you help me with the yoruba name of fennel seeds,blessed thistle root,fenugreek seeds,saw palmetto, please what is the yoruba name for lemon orange. Meyinro bilberry One such plant is the neem leaf, which is a type of medicinal herb commonly used in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine. Best neem you can get. Coriander aka Cilantro or Chinese parsley is Lansir in Hausa, Ewedu in yoruba, mirinder in Nigeria. i am so happy by discover this wonderful site. Cypres I want to know if I can get it here in Nigeria. Which also means they are pretty safe. hunter: the reckoning wayward edges eagle shield reviews neem leaf in yoruba. Please whats the English name for itoowoh that looks like melon, Hello ,,well done for good work ,l read everything and very very useful,, pls what is the name for gravel root also called Pye weed ,,thank, Shola by name and I urgently seek for the cure of cyst for the control of my health. Some of you Yoruba parents even made it an offense for your children or wards to speak Yoruba in your household. Your write up here rings so true, and sure is spot on. it has alleviated my translation effort of plants. I think that pako ata is the Fagara zanthoxyloides, known in English as fagara. In mild malaria, leaves of V. amygdalina (bitter leaf) and O. gratissimum (sweet basil/nchuanwu in Ibo, effirin in Yoruba) taken in a handful were macerated in 350ml of water, and the liquid . Sageere Yoruba Medicine History The medical traditions of the Yoruba people of western Nigeria developed within a culture that deeply respects and venerates ancestors. I refer to the Research Note by O.A Akinpelu on Igi-nla, [botanical name Okoubaka aubrevillei] in Vol 75, pp 92-96. Cayenne - Bawa. Pls can u help me with the english names of Alukurogbaja plant , Osomolupa plant and Opipi omi plant, Am so excited to be a life and withness this great adeal that you are given to us may almighty God bless you very much is mr chima friday, I give you 3 Kudos and gbosa for your effort s. Thanking you so much for the research, You are blessed in Jesus. Igbo - Ubebekee/ Ube Oyibo. The Neem tree is a very common tree. black cohosh My name is Dapo. Yoruba - Ejirin. Pls kindly tell me the yoruba or igbo name for ipomoea jalapa. Hello. I hope that people will contact you! Gosh!!!!!!????? Please what is the yoruba name for the following herbs: Wild Yam Root, Dong Quai Root, Milk Thistle Seed, Maca Root, Black Cohosh Root. Thanks. Sandalwood document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2011 - 2023 EgoFelix Magazine. I want to know the yoruba names for: And please madam which herbs can be used to treat congested heart. What is the common English name for Dyschoriste Perrottettii, Acanthaceae? Imagine a supposed Yoruba child asking what is Yoruba name for lemon orange? Pls, What is the name for BAY LEAVES in yoruba? Yoruba - Efirin. So, the brat didnt know lemon and lime? well done. 1. Ewe odundun (Kalanchoe Crenata) Please what is Tulsi leaves in Yoruba. Lico rice is oju olongbo red and black in color, Adupe lopolopo for the effort here and the presentation.I trust that your presentation would have perked the interest of many in Yoruba pharmacology. Check out our neem leaves selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our herbs & spices shops. It can kill insect eggs. Most churches in Yorubaland only glorify foreign culture and tradition by conducting their services in English language! Youre a live saver, your information. Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants Yoruba Names, World Dictionary of Grasses Yoruba Grass Name, Ayurvedic medicine doctrine described the body as having a system of canals radiating outward from the navel to all parts of the body, which carried, History Assyrian/Babylonian medicine developed in Mesopotamia from 3000 B.C. I have indicated their uses. thanks for dis information pls what is english name for pako ata. The Yoruba name for Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is Effirin nla. Yoruba word for zobo is Isapa/ Isapa pupa, Impressive jobs here! Ginseng Lavander in yoruba is oruko ewko kan. please what is the name of Lavender oil in Yoruba Cayenne is Bawa. neem leaf in yoruba. Dindinrin n din robo! Im so appreciate, what is called fennel seed in Yoruba. The Yoruba parents only speak English to their offspring in Yorubaland. 3:: maca It is called karama anta in Hausa, zafua in Arabic and Ashwaganda in Ayurveda. Submit your answers in the comments section below, This post was last modified on December 27, 2022 8:32 am. ewe emi gbegiri, English name Dry cedar. Green tea Thanks. Somebody who knows all these should make a website only about yoruba medicine, it would be a success. 3. Well done. The leaves of the tree are beneficial in vision disorders, skin ulcers, leprosy, intestinal worms, stomach upset, skin wounds, bloody nose, loss of appetite, heart ailments, blood vessel impairments, head lice, fever, gingivitis, liver ailments, and diabetes. Your email address will not be published. please what is the yoruba name for cinnamon. They immediately gave them money for sacrifice and were able to get good still and video pictures.. Hello Jorjette C, your answers are highly invaluable. and the yoruba name for mistletoe Thanks for your contribution.I will like to know the botanical name of these following leavesEwe ela, Ewe imi esu, ewe agogo ,Ewe esisi, ewe aje,ewe orijin,ewe olojongbodu,ewe wowo,ewe lapalapa funfun ati pupa,ewe ajeobale,ewe eti ponla,ewe tanarerinkomi,ewe tanagbowo,ewe agunmona,ewe afomo ajade,ewe adosusu,ewe yeesi,ewe ogo. Lets join this wonderful author to bring back nature and ancient ways of healthy living back to Africa NIGERIA ESPECAILLY. Antidesma vogeliana Valerian, Pls what is the Yoruba names of this things listed below Celery is a vegetable that is not originary from Africa. Yoruba name for vitex agnus is oori eta. Ayurveda Herb template. There are also some other benefits. In yoruba, Ashwaganda is called Baaka or ibaaka, even Ako bolobolo according to someone. Kindly give me the Yoruba name for COMFREY. Cant you see that 99.9% of her work on this page is focused on Yoruba culture and language? Anti-ageing: Neem oil is extremely nourishing and can be added to your face packs. I did not respond because I do not know the name Did you think about that? As I found, ewe ejirin is Ground Cucurbitaceae. Some herbs in yoruba language. Neem trees are attractive broad-leaved evergreens that can grow up to 30 m tall and 2.5 m in girth. diemza, You now following Lolzzzz. Very informative. 5.Emi-ponpon Its gonna help me find the sage leaf . Keep it up. If you are referring to Nigella Sativa which is popularly called black seed or black cummin. The psychotherapeutic consultation with the balabwo is one part of the overall treatment. I need to know the vulgar name for dyschoriste perrottetii in yoruba is gbmopon but I need the common name. Chamomile I hope that youll stay around and help in the future, also! Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver problems. Without the Chlorophyll from Plants, there will be NO HEAVEN AND EARTH rejoicing. bugleweed I found out that the Nigerian name for Griffonia is Alukoko, Tapara, arin, olobahun. Your Message* J! All I know is this: Studies suggest that neem has blood sugar lowering effects. Pls what is the Yoruba name for astragalus leaf? Please, what is the Yoruba name for Lepidium meyenii? ubs arena parking problems; hp desktop with windows 7 professional 64 bit; elkhart county delinquent taxes; honey baked ham sweet potato souffle recipe; rick and morty coke spoon; neem leaf in yoruba. Pumpkin in yoruba is ponkin, beans are ewa and tomatoes are tomati. Here are the potential benefits, precautions, dosage and side effects. I dont know if rosemary has a yoruba name since it is not indeginous to Nigeria. Neem Leaves Powder 2250mg with Tulsi, Guduchi ,120 Capsules | Support Immune System, Liver Function | Non-GMO Vegan Gluten Free Fresh Pure Leaf Herbs | Promotes Skin Health, Antioxidants Supplements. I really appreciate you a lot. I think there should be much more available because so many people are searching for this information. Cinnamon powder, and sesame seed. I took my time out and actually read everything on this page. In Sanskrit, the neem tree is called Aristha, sarvatibhadra, Subhadra, Sutikta, etc and the scientific name of neem is Azadirachta indica. Tamarind - tsamia. Please here is my email nd I will appreciate if you can help me out with it. pls what is the English name of this(JEBO and AIDAN), Pls what is d Yoruba name for cylon cinnamon I seriously need it. Pls what is saw palmetto in yoruba language. please, I need the scientific name of the following plants Wormwood A very nice job. No fillers, binders or common allergens. they are cool. 4. erun sikiti Yiou can get to buy in any village market, Dandelion is called Yanrin in Yoruba not ebolo, Pls I urgently need the name to dandelion leaves in yoruba language or any Nigeria term of getting it in market. The common names for Acacia nilotica are: gum arabic tree, Babul/Kikar, Egyptian thorn, Sant tree, Al-sant or prickly acacia. Talk of the ultimate mystery? As I know, mint leaves are Mintii.I also found that kiwi is y od, but Im not completely sure. Let chec out health benefits of eating neem leaves and using neem oil, powder and tablets. are you truly white lady? They developed a shamanistic medical tradition utilizing both herbalism (practiced by the onishegun, herbal healers) and divination (practiced by the balabwo, priests of the Ifa cult.). God bless u. most of the plants are non-native to nigeria, so they may not have yoruba names. Improves Digestion: Neem leaves contain 7.1 percent protein and 22.9 percent carbohydrates. Thank you. Make friends, share videos & photos, record pronunciations and listen to the meaning of words in Nigerian languages and English. Burkill lists other names for Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ghana, and for Nigeria he gives igi-nla (Yoruba) and akoelisi, akuobisi and okoubisi (all Edo). Pls. However, neem extracts are rapidly 'destroyed' when exposed to sunlight (UV, ultra-violet rays), which means they will loose their efficacy. pls what is d yoruba name for milk thestle, Please, whats the Yoruba name for licorice leaves. Allium sativum -Garlic - Ayu in yoruba. You are on: Egofelix Magazine - Medical Folklore - Yoruba names for herbs and plants Nigerian medicine. Neem based pesticides are suitable for organic farming and for use in developing countries because leaf or seed extracts can easily be prepared without the use of expensive and complicated equipment. Thank you very much for your help! you can just email me and leave your telephone number and message and your name please, and i will get back to you within 24hrs Email:lifeessentialsinc@gmail.com. Sage -Salvia officinalis Kiriwi,Babaluaye, Obatala. God bless ur effort and be well. Make some neem leaves . It is a medicinal plant good for high blood pressure, it is anti diuretic, antibacterial, contains relaxing agent, it is good for dengue fever, for asthma and bronchitis, for skin problems and erectile problems. Remove the baking soda and use a gently mask made of fresh fruits puree. thanks for the insight. Herbal medicine is still a popular practice in this modern age. Hello can you tell me what is the american name for ajeobale? 7. Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae.It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to the Indian subcontinent.It is typically grown in tropical and semi-tropical regions. I need information abt this. BASIL OCINUM. Parsley leaf in Yoruba - Effirin. The herpes is the result of a body infection, so you have to treat the infection. Please is there any home ready for pimples for a lady that is close to her thirties 1: cistanche Jorjette.. Igi nla / OKOUKOBAKA aubrevielleui is also called Igi ASE., and you can order it from the Homeopathic section of your Pharmacy as a TINCTURE. Thanks for your wonderful work, What is kiwi and mints leaves in Yoruba. to 30 B.C. Neem oil that is extracted from neem seed cannot be consumed because of associated disadvantages but neem leaves can be taken internally. Thanks, pls what is :slippery elm in yoruba and yoruba and English name for Oregano, Jorjette, thanks for teaching us what we supposed to have known. What is the yoruba name for fenugreek seed or leave. 4.2 4.2 out of 5 stars (10) $29.32 $ 29. Very interesting and educative,thanks a lot. Thanks. Pls kindly help with dis plant in Yoruba language, I want to get dem. What is Basil called in Yoruba? The yoruba name for licorice is ewe omisinmisin. Hello, Adeleye. Your research is not just rich but intensively detailed. black walnut hull LEAVES OF MORMODICA CHARANTIA. I think thats the best compliment i can offer. They also contain the minerals calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C and carotene. Use neem leaf powder or supplements to reap the benefits. He gives the Bini [Edo] name as okuobisi, meaning a big tree, and writes, it is reputed to kill all neighboring trees except Myrianthus arboreus and Musanga cecropioides which are called respectively the wife and servant of okuobisi. He observed one Okoubaka (60 feet high) which had no tree within 80 feet of it, except for Myrianthus, Musanga and one woody Vernonia. Lying bitches! Burdock But, i need help! I want to be sure dandelion is efo yanrin.thanks. Many time is difficult because I find nothing. It's bitter, but by the end of the cup I'm wanting more. Sage plant -Salvia officinalis Kiriwi, Babaluaye, Obatala. Neem leaf. Capsicum frutescens - Tabasco pepper - Ata-wewe. Pls What is the yoruba name for willow bark. Love your site. Neem Health Benefit~ Neem (yoruba call itdongoyaro)is a magical tree and especially the neem leaves that are used for its medicinalproperties. Dandelion in yoruba is efo yanrin(tone sound is m r: yan rin) or efo awon agba or ewe isenbaye. Dongoyaro is Hausa and not Igbo, it means tall child,ASHWAGANDHA is of Indian origin. Thanks for all this wonderful information, more greater achievement. There are 18 health benefits of Neem Leaves for your body as natural remedies and preventing some health problems. Please i want to know the Yoruba name for Muira Puama Therefore, taking neem with diabetes medications, such as metformin , could cause blood sugar to drop too low. Sadhguru: Neem is a very unique tree and neem leaves are the most complex leaves on the planet.The neem tree has over 130 different biologically active compounds, and the neem leaf is one of the most complex leaves you can find on the planet. Launaea taraxacifolia African lettuce, wild lettuce efo yanrin. Ive searched soooooo much and finally Id just ask you if you have the grace, kindly tell me the Yoruba name for WISTERIA I must find it. Ooyo Corchorus aestuans This will be much appreciated if the names are given in the three major 9ja languages! 2. Thanks . 4. 3 Neem has also been known to benefit the following areas of the body as well. It is not really indigenous to Nigeria but the islamic name which the hausa people use as well is Habbatu Barakah/ Habbatu Saudah. Thank You. Top quality. However, I think that okoubisi is probably a misprint for okuobisi since the source for this name is given as Hardie (see below). Clove i will teach you how on any kind of treatment and for free of charge. In treating diseases caused by angry gods, sacrifices may be made to the god in question, but special care must be taken not to make other gods jealous in the process. I have learned so much from this site pls am a natural skin care expert and iIneed yoruba name for for licorice extract, thank sooooo very much, Please what is the Yoruba name for licorice powder? Its shameful and disheartening to see many so-called Yoruba exposing their ignorance and stupidity on this forum. The Egyptians believed that the, A multicultural list Aesculapius Greek god of healing Agni Vedic god who caused fever Ashakku Babylonian demon of fever Eshu Elegba , Just want to thank you for this wonderful information about Yoruba medicine and Some herbs in yoruba language. Science and botany in our school days. THANKS FOR YOUR WORK. thanks for quick response. 3.9 (1,252) 393 (393/count)599 (34% off) Save 2% with coupon. Please help what is the Yoruba name for fenugreek powder,fennel seed,red clover urgent please. This is the latin name, I dont know the English one. Onion is alubsa, peppers are ata, potatoes are anamo. Beeswax is Afara Oyin in Yoruba language. The neem tree is a member of the mahogany family and grows up to 50 feet tall. I wish I could have an answer for each, but I cant! Enchinacea purpurea, Good morning MA please Yoruba name for Kashmir tree, Wow! But capsules are the least effective way to use herbs. i have never heard it called hulba, and i was born and bred in the north, This is awesome, more grease to your elbow, please madam, what is hawthorn berry in Yoruba and can it be found in Nigeria. Hello, Tunde. So educative. Below are some of the popular Yoruba herbs, their English names, and uses. Pls what is the Yoruba name for Azolla/ mosquito fern?. Pls what is Yoruba name for Goldenseal Roots. Please whats the Yoruba name for birch leaf, dandelion leaf(plant) and golden rod leaf (plant)?. After use the baking soda for cleaning the face, as a scrub. Fenugreek ewedu in yoruba, hulba in Hausa, Black pepper iyere in Yoruba, Oziza in igbo, Thorny pigweed/prickly amaranth tete eleegun in yoruba, Butryospermum paradoxum Shea tree Ori, Capsicum frutescens Tabasco pepper Ata-wewe. Cactus 4: sea horse The neem tree has been used in India for . First of all, premature ejaculation is a psychological problem and you should start from this point. Its Hausa name is kwandari. It is an eyesore if Carr is not taken, so shall it be! As you probably observed, I do not know yoruba language and my answers are based on research, so I answer only what I am able to. i really commend your effort. You can find it now in markets there and what can I say its that yoruba people call it Celerimikunola igbo people call it Celerynkechi and hausa people call it Celeryharam. neem, (Azadirachta indica), also called nim or margosa, fast-growing tree of the mahogany family (Meliaceae), valued as a medicinal plant, as a source of organic pesticides, and for its timber. The yoruba name for licorice is ewe omisinmisin. The yoruba name for sage salvia officinalis is Kiriwi. Pls is ugent, Good day sir. For example, the woman already told you the meaning of cinnamon and many others, but its so annoying that most of you kept asking the same questions! to exercise regularly, to reduce the stress. Pls keep it up, its so educative. Healing Diabetes. Lactuca capensis - Lettuce - Yanrin. Argh!!!! Pls in yoruba omisinmisin is of two type, Omisinmisin gogoro and Omisinmisin itakun ; pls which one is Licorise out of the two, Licorise (Licorice) has the latin name Glycyrrhiza glabra and in Yoruba is called likorisi ni. Kudos sir, edakun what is Ashwagandha leaf/plant called in our native language, yoruba ? Spinach Spinacia oleraceaObedo, Ewe tutu, Ede. Hello, my dear bee. In Nigeria, the neem leaf is called "dongoyaro" or "dogonyaro" by the Hausa people, "Dan-gworo" by the Igbo people, and "Ewe" by the Yoruba people. Please whats the name of Ewe Efinrin in English language. Sometimes called "the village pharmacy," neem is a unique medicinal plant in that all of its parts including its leaves, flowers, seeds, fruit, roots, and bark can be used (4, 5). Thanks for the information. 32 ($1.47/Count) $4.67 delivery Mar 3 - 8 . Neem is one ideal for curing bacterial diseases, asthma, ulcers, diabetes, leprosy and malaria. Thank you for the good job. WOW Skin Science Anti Acne Face Serum - Natural Neem Leaf Oil, Tea Tree Oil, Caviar Lime Fruit Extract - Spot Therapy - No Parabens, Silicones & Fragrance - 30 mL Glass Bottle. Please how is Bay leaf called in Yoruba? 70-72) by A.D.K. Thank you so much Sir, please what is the English name of ewe gbegiri and ewe emi yemi? Source: An Ethnobotanical Survey of Herbal Markets and Medicinal Plants in Lagos State of Nigeria (PDF)of yoruba names for herbs and plants. You can reach me on 08039282544. please i want to know yoruba name for houseleek, what is the yoruba name for this herbs What is medicinal values of bitter melon to human existence? Hello Ms /Mrs J, this write up is much appreciated. Efic - Eban . Looking forward to hearing from you soon. The yoruba name for lemon is san ww and for orange is orombo. Ase! Later ewe ato (Chasmonthera Dependens) was added with ewe abirikoto (Crotalaria Lachophora), ewe odu (Solanum Americanum), the cobras fat and an egg to completely remove the scars on the burnt body., In this text (book) i also found some yoruba names: Bini - Orumwu. What is ewe ori oterin? Thank you. The yoruba name for lemon is san ww and for orange is orombo. please what is the english name and botanical name for ewe ato. I try to live a healthy natural lifestyle and to stay connected with Mother Nature. Black pepper is iyere in Yoruba, Oziza in igbo. Hello, Wura. Thank you. Well-done. phyllantus Ugu is a leafy vegetable which is used in Nigeria for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Purslane, Pigweed, Little Hogweed Portulaca oleraceaGbure. What is the name for houseleek in yoruba? Thanks. please what is cummin in yoruba language and where can it be found? Keep up with your good work. This is highly commendable, thank you for putting all these together. just for d smile, are u sure you not a babalawo? Thank you for the intrest in my tribe. Yoruba parents of nowadays can see how stupid they have been. Hello, Tina! The advice of the balabwo is essential to ensure that the correct procedures are followed. Hello, Ruby! alfalfa worth diamond, I just want to hug from a mile. Below are some of the popular Yoruba herbs, their English names, and uses. Thanks in advance, thanks for this information. hello my noble author may GOD continue to bless u and ur family. Keep it up, good morning, please what is ASHWAGANDHA called in Yoruba, What is the Yoruba meaning of these plants, Antidesma membranaceum Neem is likely native to the Indian subcontinent and to dry areas throughout South Asia. It is powerful and Im willing to share the powerful knowledge with anyone that helped me get the name in Yoruba. Neem is a tropical tree native to India and also termed the wonder tree. In the Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed, 2 (Keay, 1958) and Trees of Nigeria (Keay, 1989), it was placed in the family Octoknemataceae, but was later moved to the family Santalaceae (see Burkill, The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, ed, 2, Vol. The Yoruba people call Turmeric Ata ile pupa. Thanks. This information is so useful. Lavender Yoruba name for periwinkle flower please. It is a multipurpose tree that is highly popular in India where it provides food, insecticide and great numbers of ethnomedicinal uses. Hausa - Lemu. Neem is a tree. I will be glad if you reply. Their spreading branches form rounded crowns as much as 20 m across. butchers broom thanks. And the following: Carrots are karots, corn is oka/agbado, cucumbers are kokunba. A remedy for skin chamomile tea, baking soda (bicarbonate de soude). what is arrowroot called in yoruba language. But its considered a taboo here and can be easily labeled a babalawo just because you want to maintain good health. You mean Ceylon Tree Nymph (Idea Iasonia)? Massage and dietary prescription were applied. Very helpful article. Acacia ataxacantha Ihun, Ewon adele Hello! And what I can cook as medicine or herb to drink to make me add in weight. Please what is cummin in yoruba language and where can it be found, Good job. The majority of scientific neem studies was done with neem leaf or neem leaf extracts. Thanks so much for this page. It seems that Ewe Efinrin, in latin Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is known as chaff-flower, prickly chaff flower, devils horsewhip or Apamarga. Onion is alubsa, peppers are ata, potatoes are anamo. Neem leaves are used in baths, decocted into teas, and dried and ground to help reduce fevers, boost immunity, and reduce symptoms of malaria and dengue fever. The Yoruba name for ginger is ata ile while turmeric is called ata ile pup a because of its bright colour. You can read more about pimples remedies here. Oloye Orawale Oranfe, please, can anyone help me with the Yoruba name for tamarind as in the real tamarind, and not the black velvet tamarind which is awin in Yoruba. Im sorry, but I dont understand your question. 1.Medlar WHAT IS YORUBA NAME FOR MINT LEAVE AND PARSLEY. Hello! Alobancy, this si the message or part of the message that taw sent..more, Igbo At the end of this process, the pattern left in the sand tray corresponds to one of the 256 verses of the Odu, which the balabwo interprets for the patient. You can be sure, the yoruba name for dandelion is efo yanrin. How can annovulation (absence of ovulation ) be treated naturally? 6. Vegan and Gluten-Free. What is the name of ashwagandha plant in yoruba. The leaves, stem, roots, and even seeds of these plants have various culinary and medicinal benefits. First off, I would like to take this opportunity to thank yo immensely, Ms. Jorjette C. May our Yoruba ancestors also thank and guide you. The orishas, or gods of the Yoruba, were former ancestors such as Oduduwa, the legendary ancestor of all Yoruba people, and his son Ogun. please what is the scientific name for ewe sikimini.