[32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. [72] Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. identity. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. Photo by Eli Bentor. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. These Ngolo created the Ekpe society and invented the Nsibidi writing system in Usakadet (Isangele). [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you). [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. During his research, Miller has identified many cultural links between Africa and the Americas, particularly between Cuba, Nigeria and Cameroon, which share a common heritage. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). Simple theme. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. [51] The Enwang people who were fishing at Duke town saw the twins approaching and fled in terror saying "Mbiomo oduk ine"(English: A curse has befalling our fishing sites). Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. You are using an out of date browser. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . Omissions? One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . [73] The Efik native cow (English: Ena Efk) was regarded with some amount of reverence and was mainly killed on rare occasions such as the festival for the installation of a new priest king. clothing stores in columbia mall And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. (Ed.). Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. Among these missionaries were Rev. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . [40] Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. [42] K.K. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. No disrespect allowed. ________. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. by Web Services Editor. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. AHR ~ 125 Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. Mr. . ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. There are two distinct but related societies. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. Efik traders could speak, write and read the English language. ekpe society cameroon. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. Unblock notifications in browser settings. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. . With the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, a number of foreign clothes were introduced into Efik society. Corrections? [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! Dropping by to say, "Hi!" Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Among those who migrated with the Ngolo were various other nations who would later become part of the Oroko ethnic group. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power.